Mixed-species biofilm formation by lactic acid bacteria and rice wine yeasts - PubMed (original) (raw)

Mixed-species biofilm formation by lactic acid bacteria and rice wine yeasts

Taketo Kawarai et al. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007 Jul.

Erratum in

Abstract

We found that species combinations such as Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus IFO3831 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai-10 can form a mixed-species biofilm in coculture. Moreover, the Kyokai-10 yeast strain can form a biofilm in monoculture in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) from L. casei IFO3831. The active substance(s) in bacterial CM is heat sensitive and has a molecular mass of between 3 and 5 kDa. In biofilms from cocultures or CM monocultures, yeast cells had a distinct morphology, with many hill-like protrusions on the cell surface.

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Figures

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Biofilm formation between Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus IFO3831and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai-10. The ordinate shows the absorption of crystal violet (CV) extracted from CV-stained biofilms, an indicator of biomass. Black bar, coculture; gray bar, lactic acid bacterium in monoculture; white bar, yeast in monoculture; striped bar, yeast cultured in the CM from the bacterium; dotted bar, yeast cultured in heat-treated CM (100°C, 10 min). Error bars indicate standard deviations.

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Fractionation of biofilm-forming factor(s) using molecular sieves. The ordinate is as described for Fig. 1. CF, S. cerevisiae Kyokai-10 monoculture in CM from L. casei IFO3831. Black bars, without heat treatment; white bars, with heat treatment (100°C, 10 min). Error bars indicate standard deviations.

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

Gram-stained biofilm formed between L. casei IFO3831 and S. cerevisiae Kyokai-10 made on a slide glass. (A) Micrograph focusing on the lower layer of the biofilm, which is comprised primarily of bacteria. (B) Micrograph focusing on the yeast cells (upper layer). Bars, 10 μm.

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Detection of protrusions on the cell surface of biofilm-forming yeasts by SEM. (A) Yeast and bacterial cells from a mixed-species biofilm (L. casei IFO3831 and S. cerevisiae Kyokai-10). (B) Planktonic Kyokai-10 cells. Arrows indicate bud scars. (C) Yeast cells in the monoculture biofilm formed by Kyokai-10 in the presence of CM from L. casei IFO3831. Bars, 1 μm.

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