DNA sequence diversity and the origin of cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.; Asteraceae) - PubMed (original) (raw)

DNA sequence diversity and the origin of cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.; Asteraceae)

Mark A Chapman et al. BMC Plant Biol. 2007.

Abstract

Background: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a diploid oilseed crop whose origin is largely unknown. Safflower is widely believed to have been domesticated over 4,000 years ago somewhere in the Fertile Crescent. Previous hypotheses regarding the origin of safflower have focused primarily on two other species from sect. Carthamus - C. oxyacanthus and C. palaestinus - as the most likely progenitors, although some attention has been paid to a third species (C. persicus) as a possible candidate. Here, we describe the results of a phylogenetic analysis of the entire section using data from seven nuclear genes.

Results: Single gene phylogenetic analyses indicated some reticulation or incomplete lineage sorting. However, the analysis of the combined dataset revealed a close relationship between safflower and C. palaestinus. In contrast, C. oxyacanthus and C. persicus appear to be more distantly related to safflower.

Conclusion: Based on our results, we conclude that safflower is most likely derived from the wild species Carthamus palaestinus. As expected, safflower exhibits somewhat reduced nucleotide diversity as compared to its progenitor, consistent with the occurrence of a population genetic bottleneck during domestication. The results of this research set the stage for an investigation of the genetics of safflower domestication.

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Figures

Figure 1

Phylogenetic relationships among species of Carthamus sect. Carthamus based on single-gene analyses. Neighbor-Joining trees were generated for each individual gene. Species names and accession codes are given in Table 1. Accession names followed by -1 or -2 denote alleles for a given locus. Alleles followed by a * were determined using haplotype subtraction by maximum likelihood; the remainder of the alleles were determined by cloning.

Figure 2

Phylogenetic relationships among species of Carthamus sect. Carthamus based on a combined analysis of seven nuclear genes. Maximum likelihood (A) and Bayesian (B) trees generated for the combined dataset. Bootstrap values (> 75%) for the ML tree and posterior probabilities (> 0.90) for the Bayesian tree are given alongside branches. Species names and accession codes are given in Table 1.

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DNA sequence diversity and the origin of cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.; Asteraceae) - PubMed (original) (raw)