Nod-like receptors: cytosolic watchdogs for immunity against pathogens - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Nod-like receptors: cytosolic watchdogs for immunity against pathogens

Jean-Claude Sirard et al. PLoS Pathog. 2007.

Abstract

In mammals, tissue-specific sets of pattern-recognition molecules, including Nod-like receptors (NLR), enable concomitant and sequential detection of microbial-associated molecular patterns from both the extracellular and intracellular microenvironment. Repressing and de-repressing the cytosolic surveillance machinery contributes to vital immune homeostasis and protective responses within specific tissues. Conversely, defective biology of NLR drives the development of recurrent infectious, autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases by failing to mount barrier functions against pathogens, to tolerate commensals, and/or to instruct the adaptive immune response against microbes. Better decoding microbial strategies that are evolved to circumvent NLR sensing will provide clues for the development of rational therapies aimed at curing and/or preventing common and emerging immunopathologies.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1. Intracellular Debugging of the NLR Signaling Pathways

A schematic overview of the major NLR signaling pathways in innate immunity is depicted. Upon detection of their agonists, NLR likely oligomerize through the NOD domain and recruit at least three specific adaptors, including RIP2, CARD9, and ASC. Several modulators of NLR signaling have been recently identified, such as Erbin, Bcl2, and Bcl-xl. The maturation of IL-1β by the inflammasome illustrates the interplay between NLR (i.e., NALP1–3, NAIP5, and IPAF) and other PRM, such as TLR. Better understanding of the spatio-temporal engagement and/or repression of specific NLR might open new avenues for therapeutical intervention.

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