Progressive changes in the development toward schizophrenia: studies in subjects at increased symptomatic risk - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
Progressive changes in the development toward schizophrenia: studies in subjects at increased symptomatic risk
Stephen J Wood et al. Schizophr Bull. 2008 Mar.
Abstract
Although the underlying neurobiology of emerging psychotic disorders is not well understood, there is a growing conviction that the study of patients at clinical high risk for the illness will provide important insights. Further, a better understanding of the transition period may help the development of novel therapies. In this review, we summarize the extant neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies of people at clinical high risk for psychosis. By and large, there are few definitive markers that distinguish those who go on to develop the illness from those who do not. The 2 most consistently abnormal brain regions in schizophrenia research, the hippocampi and the lateral ventricles, are not significantly different from healthy controls prior to psychosis onset. However, frontal lobe measures (eg, cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate) do show promise, as do cognitive measures sensitive to prefrontal cortex dysfunction. Further, longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging findings in individuals at ultrahigh risk for developing a psychotic illness show that there are excessive neuroanatomical changes in those who convert to psychosis. These aberrant changes are observed most prominently in medial temporal and prefrontal cortical regions. While the pathological processes underlying such changes remain unclear, speculatively they may reflect anomalies in genetic and/or other endogenous mechanisms responsible for brain maturation, the adverse effects of intense or prolonged stress, or other environmental factors. Active changes during transition to illness may present the potential to intervene and ameliorate these changes with potential benefit clinically.
Similar articles
- Neuroimaging and emerging psychotic disorders: the Melbourne ultra-high risk studies.
Pantelis C, Velakoulis D, Wood SJ, Yücel M, Yung AR, Phillips LJ, Sun DQ, McGorry PD. Pantelis C, et al. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;19(4):371-81. doi: 10.1080/09540260701512079. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2007. PMID: 17671870 Review. - Increased anterior cingulate and temporal lobe activity during visuospatial working memory in children and adolescents with schizophrenia.
White T, Hongwanishkul D, Schmidt M. White T, et al. Schizophr Res. 2011 Feb;125(2-3):118-28. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.11.014. Epub 2011 Jan 5. Schizophr Res. 2011. PMID: 21211946 Free PMC article. - Longitudinal progression of frontal and temporal lobe changes in schizophrenia.
Cobia DJ, Smith MJ, Wang L, Csernansky JG. Cobia DJ, et al. Schizophr Res. 2012 Aug;139(1-3):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 May 29. Schizophr Res. 2012. PMID: 22647883 Free PMC article. - Structural brain imaging evidence for multiple pathological processes at different stages of brain development in schizophrenia.
Pantelis C, Yücel M, Wood SJ, Velakoulis D, Sun D, Berger G, Stuart GW, Yung A, Phillips L, McGorry PD. Pantelis C, et al. Schizophr Bull. 2005 Jul;31(3):672-96. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbi034. Epub 2005 Jul 14. Schizophr Bull. 2005. PMID: 16020551 Review.
Cited by
- Porencephaly and psychosis: a case report and review of the literature.
Douzenis A, Rizos EN, Papadopoulou A, Papathanasiou M, Lykouras L. Douzenis A, et al. BMC Psychiatry. 2010 Mar 2;10:19. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-10-19. BMC Psychiatry. 2010. PMID: 20196853 Free PMC article. Review. - Age of onset of schizophrenia: perspectives from structural neuroimaging studies.
Gogtay N, Vyas NS, Testa R, Wood SJ, Pantelis C. Gogtay N, et al. Schizophr Bull. 2011 May;37(3):504-13. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbr030. Schizophr Bull. 2011. PMID: 21505117 Free PMC article. Review. - Prognosis in schizophrenia and the role of subjectivity.
Strauss JS. Strauss JS. Schizophr Bull. 2008 Mar;34(2):201-3. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbn001. Epub 2008 Feb 1. Schizophr Bull. 2008. PMID: 18245788 Free PMC article. No abstract available. - The early identification of psychosis: can lessons be learnt from cardiac stress testing?
Gupta S, Ranganathan M, D'Souza DC. Gupta S, et al. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016 Jan;233(1):19-37. doi: 10.1007/s00213-015-4143-3. Epub 2015 Nov 14. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016. PMID: 26566609 Free PMC article. Review. - Individual prediction of long-term outcome in adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Applying machine learning techniques to brain imaging data.
de Wit S, Ziermans TB, Nieuwenhuis M, Schothorst PF, van Engeland H, Kahn RS, Durston S, Schnack HG. de Wit S, et al. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017 Feb;38(2):704-714. doi: 10.1002/hbm.23410. Epub 2016 Oct 4. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017. PMID: 27699911 Free PMC article.
References
- Yung AR, McGorry PD. The prodromal phase of first-episode psychosis: past and current conceptualizations. Schizophr Bull. 1996;22:353–370. - PubMed
- Huber G, Gross G, Schuttler R. Schizophrenie. Verlaufs- und Sozialpsychiatrische Langzeituntersuchungen an den 1945–1959 in Bonn Hospitalisierten Schizophrenen Kranken. Bonn, Germany: Springer; 1979. - PubMed
- Phillips LJ, McGorry PD, Yung AR, McGlashan TH, Cornblatt B, Klosterkötter J. Prepsychotic phase of schizophrenia and related disorders: recent progress and future opportunities. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;48:S33–S44. - PubMed
- Olsen KA, Rosenbaum B. Prospective investigations of the prodromal state of schizophrenia: review of studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2006;113:247–272. - PubMed
- Yung AR, Phillips LJ, Yuen HP, McGorry PD. Risk factors for psychosis in an ultra high-risk group: psychopathology and clinical features. Schizophr Res. 2004;67:131–142. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical