Measuring malaria endemicity from intense to interrupted transmission - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
Measuring malaria endemicity from intense to interrupted transmission
Simon I Hay et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008 Jun.
Abstract
The quantification of malaria transmission for the classification of malaria risk has long been a concern for epidemiologists. During the era of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme, measurements of malaria endemicity were institutionalised by their incorporation into rules outlining defined action points for malaria control programmes. We review the historical development of these indices and their contemporary relevance. This is at a time when many malaria-endemic countries are scaling-up their malaria control activities and reconsidering their prospects for elimination. These considerations are also important to an international community that has recently been challenged to revaluate the prospects for malaria eradication.
Figures
Figure 1
Malaria endemicity and classification, and timelines for action phases of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme The scheme derives details of the phase, approximate timings, action stage, and activity of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme, , , and integrates these with malaria endemicity classifications defined by the host prevalence,, vector stability indices, and the basic reproductive number (see webappendix). The year row presents an estimate of the duration of each phase (optimistic scenario–pessimistic scenario). API=annual parasite incidence. IRS=indoor residual spraying. PR=parasite rate. _R_0=basic reproductive number. RxCQ=radical treatment with chloroquine. *See table for parasitological criteria.
Figure 2
Malaria endemicity and classification, and the mapping criteria of the Malaria Atlas Project The _PfR_0 (P falciparum basic reproductive number) values are calculated using the RM (Ross-Macdonald) and Smith transmission models (see webappendix for full details). IRS=indoor residual spraying. IPT=intermittent preventive therapy. ITN=insecticide-treated net. _Pf_API=P falciparum annual parasite incidence. _Pf_PR=P falciparum parasite rate. RxACT=radical treatment with artemisinin-combination therapy.
Similar articles
- Endemicity response timelines for Plasmodium falciparum elimination.
Smith DL, Hay SI. Smith DL, et al. Malar J. 2009 Apr 30;8:87. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-8-87. Malar J. 2009. PMID: 19405974 Free PMC article. - Mass drug administration for malaria.
Poirot E, Skarbinski J, Sinclair D, Kachur SP, Slutsker L, Hwang J. Poirot E, et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Dec 9;2013(12):CD008846. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008846.pub2. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013. PMID: 24318836 Free PMC article. Updated. Review. - Some lessons for the future from the Global Malaria Eradication Programme (1955-1969).
Nájera JA, González-Silva M, Alonso PL. Nájera JA, et al. PLoS Med. 2011 Jan 25;8(1):e1000412. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000412. PLoS Med. 2011. PMID: 21311585 Free PMC article. Review. - Supporting countries to achieve their malaria elimination goals: the WHO E-2020 initiative.
Lindblade KA, Li Xiao H, Tiffany A, Galappaththy G, Alonso P; WHO E-2020 Team. Lindblade KA, et al. Malar J. 2021 Dec 20;20(1):481. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03998-3. Malar J. 2021. PMID: 34930239 Free PMC article.
Cited by
- Enhanced surveillance and data feedback loop associated with improved malaria data in Lusaka, Zambia.
Chisha Z, Larsen DA, Burns M, Miller JM, Chirwa J, Mbwili C, Bridges DJ, Kamuliwo M, Hawela M, Tan KR, Craig AS, Winters AM. Chisha Z, et al. Malar J. 2015 May 29;14:222. doi: 10.1186/s12936-015-0735-y. Malar J. 2015. PMID: 26017275 Free PMC article. - Use of rapid diagnostic tests in malaria school surveys in Kenya: does their under-performance matter for planning malaria control?
Gitonga CW, Kihara JH, Njenga SM, Awuondo K, Noor AM, Snow RW, Brooker SJ. Gitonga CW, et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Dec;87(6):1004-1011. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.12-0215. Epub 2012 Oct 22. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012. PMID: 23091194 Free PMC article. - Anopheles arabiensis hotspots along intermittent rivers drive malaria dynamics in semi-arid areas of Central Ethiopia.
Eba K, Habtewold T, Yewhalaw D, Christophides GK, Duchateau L. Eba K, et al. Malar J. 2021 Mar 17;20(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12936-021-03697-z. Malar J. 2021. PMID: 33731115 Free PMC article. - Millennium development health metrics: where do Africa's children and women of childbearing age live?
Tatem AJ, Garcia AJ, Snow RW, Noor AM, Gaughan AE, Gilbert M, Linard C. Tatem AJ, et al. Popul Health Metr. 2013 Jul 23;11(1):11. doi: 10.1186/1478-7954-11-11. Popul Health Metr. 2013. PMID: 23875684 Free PMC article. - The Impact of Hotspot-Targeted Interventions on Malaria Transmission in Rachuonyo South District in the Western Kenyan Highlands: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.
Bousema T, Stresman G, Baidjoe AY, Bradley J, Knight P, Stone W, Osoti V, Makori E, Owaga C, Odongo W, China P, Shagari S, Doumbo OK, Sauerwein RW, Kariuki S, Drakeley C, Stevenson J, Cox J. Bousema T, et al. PLoS Med. 2016 Apr 12;13(4):e1001993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001993. eCollection 2016 Apr. PLoS Med. 2016. PMID: 27071072 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial.
References
- Black RH. Manual of epidemiology and epidemiological services in malaria programmes. World Health Organization; Geneva: 1968.
- Pampana E. A textbook of malaria eradication. 2nd edn. Oxford University Press; London: 1969.
- Yekutiel P. In: Contributions to epidemiology and biostatistics. Klingberg MA, editor. Karger; Basel, Switzerland: 1980. Eradication of infectious diseases: a critical study.
- Nájera JA. Malaria control, achievements, problems and strategies. WHO/MAL/99.1087. World Health Organization; Geneva: 1999. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical