The female rat reproductive cycle: a practical histological guide to staging - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
The female rat reproductive cycle: a practical histological guide to staging
F Russell Westwood. Toxicol Pathol. 2008 Apr.
Abstract
During preclinical investigations into the safety of drugs and chemicals, many are found to interfere with reproductive function in the female rat. This interference is commonly expressed as a change in normal morphology of the reproductive tract or a disturbance in the duration of particular phases of the estrous cycle. Such alterations can be recognized only if the pathologist has knowledge of the continuously changing histological appearance of the various components of the reproductive tract during the cycle and can accurately and consistently ascribe an individual tract to a particular phase of the cycle. Unfortunately, although comprehensive reports illustrating the normal appearance of the tract during the rat estrous cycle have been available over many years, they are generally somewhat ambiguous about distinct criteria for defining the end of one stage and the beginning of another. This detail is absolutely essential to achieve a consistent approach to staging the cycle. For the toxicologic pathologist, this report illustrates a pragmatic and practical approach to staging the estrous cycle in the rat based on personal experience and a review of the literature from the last century.
Similar articles
- Estrous cycle and ovarian changes in a rat mammary carcinogenesis model after irradiation, tamoxifen chemoprevention, and aging.
Karim BO, Landolfi JA, Christian A, Ricart-Arbona R, Qiu W, McAlonis M, Eyabi PO, Khan KA, Dicello JF, Mann JF, Huso DL. Karim BO, et al. Comp Med. 2003 Oct;53(5):532-8. Comp Med. 2003. PMID: 14655997 - Cyclic changes in genital organs and vaginal cytology in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
Attia MA. Attia MA. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1998 Nov;105(11):399-404. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1998. PMID: 9857561 - The effects of simazine, a chlorotriazine herbicide, on pubertal development in the female Wistar rat.
Zorrilla LM, Gibson EK, Stoker TE. Zorrilla LM, et al. Reprod Toxicol. 2010 Jul;29(4):393-400. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.03.010. Epub 2010 Apr 8. Reprod Toxicol. 2010. PMID: 20381603 - The Impact of Age on the Female Reproductive System.
Vidal JD. Vidal JD. Toxicol Pathol. 2017 Jan;45(1):206-215. doi: 10.1177/0192623316673754. Epub 2016 Oct 17. Toxicol Pathol. 2017. PMID: 27753638 Review. - The rodent estrous cycle: characterization of vaginal cytology and its utility in toxicological studies.
Goldman JM, Murr AS, Cooper RL. Goldman JM, et al. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2007 Apr;80(2):84-97. doi: 10.1002/bdrb.20106. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2007. PMID: 17342777 Review.
Cited by
- Transcriptome dataset of mouse adipose tissue across estrous cycles.
Zheng H, Bai Y, Wu S, Jiang Z, Pei Q, Yao M. Zheng H, et al. Sci Data. 2024 Oct 5;11(1):1090. doi: 10.1038/s41597-024-03942-5. Sci Data. 2024. PMID: 39368986 Free PMC article. - Structural and functional changes in rat uterus induced by neonatal androgenization.
Chávez-Genaro R, Toledo A, Hernández K, Anesetti G. Chávez-Genaro R, et al. J Mol Histol. 2022 Dec;53(6):903-914. doi: 10.1007/s10735-022-10106-5. Epub 2022 Oct 6. J Mol Histol. 2022. PMID: 36201133 - Sensory neuron LKB1 mediates ovarian and reproductive function.
Lenert ME, Debner EK, Burton MD. Lenert ME, et al. Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 24;14(1):29109. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79947-2. Sci Rep. 2024. PMID: 39582088 Free PMC article. - An investigation on body weights, blood glucose levels and pituitary-gonadal axis hormones in diabetic and metformin-treated diabetic female rats.
Pournaghi P, Sadrkhanlou RA, Hasanzadeh S, Foroughi A. Pournaghi P, et al. Vet Res Forum. 2012 Spring;3(2):79-84. Vet Res Forum. 2012. PMID: 25653751 Free PMC article. - Protective effect of mirtazapine and hesperidin on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative damage and infertility in rat ovaries.
Khedr NF. Khedr NF. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015 Dec;240(12):1682-9. doi: 10.1177/1535370215576304. Epub 2015 Mar 17. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015. PMID: 25787947 Free PMC article.
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources