Vascular calcification: pathobiology of a multifaceted disease - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Vascular calcification: pathobiology of a multifaceted disease

Linda L Demer et al. Circulation. 2008.

No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Schematic representation of selected regulatory factors and their possible roles in vascular biomineralization. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) translocates via Pit-1 to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic Ca++ and Pi incorporate with ALP into matrix vesicles, which bud off the plasma membrane and associate with extracellular proteins, such as collagen. NPP1 generates the mineralization inhibitor, pyrophosphate (PPi), which is inhibited by alkaline phosphatase. Some important factors have not been shown for clarity. Dashed arrows indicate translocation, solid-line arrows indicate induction, solid line bars indicate inhibition. Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; BMP, bone morphogenetic protein; BSP, bone sialoprotein; MGP, matrix Gla protein; NPP1, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatasephosphodiesterease1; OPG, osteoprotegerin; OPN, osteopontin; OCN, osteocalcin; Pi, inorganic phosphate; Pit-1, type III sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter; PPi, pyrophosphate; PKA, protein kinase A; PTH, parathyroid hormone; ROS, reactive oxygen species.

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Calcified nodules in vivo and in vitro. (A) Calcific aortic stenosis (Image kindly provided by Dr. Michael Fishbein, UCLA Pathology; horizontal dimension ~4 cm) and (B) Dilutionally-cloned vascular smooth muscle cells (horizontal dimension ~1 cm). The nodules correspond in shape, size, and content.

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Calcified nodules in vivo and in vitro. (A) Calcific aortic stenosis (Image kindly provided by Dr. Michael Fishbein, UCLA Pathology; horizontal dimension ~4 cm) and (B) Dilutionally-cloned vascular smooth muscle cells (horizontal dimension ~1 cm). The nodules correspond in shape, size, and content.

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Allison MA, Criqui MH, Wright CM. Patterns and risk factors for systemic calcified atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:331–6. - PubMed
    1. Wayhs R, Zelinger A, Raggi P. High coronary artery calcium scores pose an extremely elevated risk for hard events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:225–30. - PubMed
    1. Arad Y, Spadaro LA, Goodman K, Newstein D, Guerci AD. Prediction of coronary events with electron beam computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1253–60. - PubMed
    1. Keelan PC, Bielak LF, Ashai K, Jamjoum LS, Denktas AE, Rumberger JA, Sheedy IP, Peyser PA, Schwartz RS. Long-term prognostic value of coronary calcification detected by electron-beam computed tomography in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Circulation. 2001;104:412–7. - PubMed
    1. Kelly RP, Tunin R, Kass DA. Effect of reduced aortic compliance on cardiac efficiency and contractile function of in situ canine left ventricle. Circ Res. 1992;71:490–502. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources