Comparison of combined aerobic and high-force eccentric resistance exercise with aerobic exercise only for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus - PubMed (original) (raw)
Clinical Trial
. 2008 Nov;88(11):1345-54.
doi: 10.2522/ptj.20080124. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
Affiliations
- PMID: 18801851
- PMCID: PMC2579905
- DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20080124
Clinical Trial
Comparison of combined aerobic and high-force eccentric resistance exercise with aerobic exercise only for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Robin L Marcus et al. Phys Ther. 2008 Nov.
Erratum in
- Phys Ther. 2009 Jan;89(1):103
Abstract
Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes between a diabetes exercise training program using combined aerobic and high-force eccentric resistance exercise and a program of aerobic exercise only.
Subjects and methods: Fifteen participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participated in a 16-week supervised exercise training program: 7 (mean age=50.7 years, SD=6.9) in a combined aerobic and eccentric resistance exercise program (AE/RE group) and 8 (mean age=58.5 years, SD=6.2) in a program of aerobic exercise only (AE group). Outcome measures included thigh lean tissue and intramuscular fat (IMF), glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index (BMI), and 6-minute walk distance.
Results: Both groups experienced decreases in mean glycosylated hemoglobin after training (AE/RE group: -0.59% [95% confidence interval (CI)=-1.5 to 0.28]; AE group: -0.31% [95% CI=-0.60 to -0.03]), with no significant between-group differences. There was an interaction between group and time with respect to change in thigh lean tissue cross-sectional area, with the AE/RE group gaining more lean tissue (AE/RE group: 15.1 cm(2) [95% CI=7.6 to 22.5]; AE group: -5.6 cm(2) [95% CI=-10.4 to 0.76]). Both groups experienced decreases in mean thigh IMF cross-sectional area (AE/RE group: -1.2 cm(2) [95% CI=-2.6 to 0.26]; AE group: -2.2 cm(2) [95% CI=-3.5 to -0.84]) and increases in 6-minute walk distance (AE/RE group: 45.5 m [95% CI=7.5 to 83.6]; AE group: 29.9 m [95% CI=-7.7 to 67.5]) after training, with no between-group differences. There was an interaction between group and time with respect to change in BMI, with the AE/RE group experiencing a greater decrease in BMI.
Discussion and conclusion: Significant improvements in long-term glycemic control, thigh composition, and physical performance were demonstrated in both groups after participating in a 16-week exercise program.
Subjects: in the AE/RE group demonstrated additional improvements in thigh lean tissue and BMI. Improvements in thigh lean tissue may be important in this population as a means to increase resting metabolic rate, protein reserve, exercise tolerance, and functional mobility.
Figures
Figure 1.
Eccentric stepper. High muscle forces are generated on an eccentric stepper powered by a 3-hp motor that drives the pedals. As the pedals move toward the subject (blue arrow), the subject resists by applying force to the pedals (red arrow). Because the magnitude of force produced by the motor exceeds that produced by the subject, the leg extensors (green arrows) work eccentrically (lengthening), creating negative work.
Figure 2.
Representative pretraining (left) and posttraining (right) magnetic resonance images of an eccentrically trained individual. Region of interest is drawn around the fascia latae of the thigh. White material within the region of interest is intramuscular fat.
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