Regional and cellular localisation of BMPs and their inhibitors' expression in human fractures - PubMed (original) (raw)
Regional and cellular localisation of BMPs and their inhibitors' expression in human fractures
Francois N K Kwong et al. Int Orthop. 2009 Feb.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether BMP-2 and -14, noggin, and chordin could be detected in human fractures and to assess their regional and cellular distribution. The expression of these proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry in an archive of human fractures. BMP-2 and BMP-14 expression was strongest in areas of cartilage formation and, to a lesser extent, in areas of bone formation. Within areas of cartilage formation, both BMP-2 and BMP-14 were expressed more strongly by the non-hypertrophic chondrocytes. The BMP inhibitors noggin and chordin were also expressed most intensely in areas of cartilage formation and there was no difference in their expression between the non-hypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Our study demonstrates the expression of BMP-14 and the BMP inhibitors in human fractures for the first time, and our findings will contribute to an improved understanding of the physiological processes in bone repair.
Le but de cette étude est de déterminer si la BMP-2 et la BMP-14 et leurs inhibiteurs noggin et chordin peuvent être détectées dans les fractures chez l’homme, avec une évaluation de leur distribution cellulaire et régionale. Matériels et méthode: l’expression de ces protéines est détectée par immunohistochimie. Résultats: la BMP-2 et la BMP-14 s’expriment de façon importante au niveau de la formation du cartilage et au niveau de la restauration osseuse. Au niveau du cartilage, la BMP-2 et la BMP-14 s’expriment surtout au niveau des chondrocytes non hypertrophiques. Les inhibiteurs de la BMP s’expriment également au niveau de la formation cartilagineuse, il n’y a pas de différence dans leur expression pour les chondrocytes non hyperthrophiques ou hyperthrophiques. En conclusion: notre étude démontre que l’expression de la BMP-14 et de ses inhibiteurs peuvent être détectées dans les fractures chez l’homme. Nos constatations doivent contribuer à une meilleure compréhension du processus de réparation osseuse.
Figures
Fig. 1
Histological appearance of noggin expression in a healing human fracture. a High-powered view (×40 magnification) showing brown staining in the nucleus of a hypertrophic chondrocyte (open arrowhead) compared to a non-stained cell (open arrow). b Staining in both hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic chondrocytes (×20). c Staining in new blood vessel forming in human fracture callus (closed arrowhead) and in osteoblast (closed arrow) (×20)
Fig. 2
Histological appearance of chordin expression in human fractures (×20 view). a and b Serial sections of an area of cartilage formation. Staining in both hypertrophic (closed arrowhead) and non-hypertrophic chondrocytes (open arrowhead), with chordin antibody (a). No staining in when negative control IgG antibody was used as primary antibody during immunohistochemistry (b). c Expression of chordin in osteoblasts in area of active bone formation
Fig. 3
Histological appearance of BMP-14 expression in human fractures. a and b Serial sections of an area of cartilage formation. Intense staining in chondrocytes with BMP-14 antibody (a). No staining when negative control IgG antibody used as primary antibody during immunohistochemistry (×20 magnification) (b). c Increased expression of BMP-14 in the non-hypertrophic chondrocytes (non-HC), compared to the hypertrophic chondrocytes (HC) (×10). d Expression of BMP-14 by osteoblasts (arrowhead) and osteocytes (arrow) in areas of bone formation (×20)
Fig. 4
Histological appearance of BMP-2 expression in human fracture calluses. a and c Pattern of expression in area of cartilage formation. Staining predominant in non-hypertrophic chondrocytes (non-HC) compared to hypertrophic chondrocytes (HC) seen in a (×10). c Large power view (×40) of cytoplasmic staining in chondrocyte (arrowhead) compared to a non-staining cell adjacent (arrow). b (×10) and d (×40) Expression of BMP-2 in area of bone formation. Osteoblasts demonstrating BMP-2 expression are demonstrated with an arrow. There was weak expression of BMP-2 in osteocytes (arrowhead). e (×20) No staining when negative control IgG antibody used as primary antibody during immunohistochemistry. This section is a serial section of the one in (a)
Fig. 5
Semi-quantitative expression of BMP-2 and -14 in cartilaginous areas of fractures. Chondrocytes were divided into the hypertrophic chondrocytes (Hct) and the rest were divided into the non-hypertrophic chondrocytes (non-hct). A paired Student’s t test was used to evaluate the difference in the scores between the two types of chondrocytes. *p ≤ 0.05
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