Fish oil supplementation improves endothelial function in normoglycemic offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes - PubMed (original) (raw)

Randomized Controlled Trial

Fish oil supplementation improves endothelial function in normoglycemic offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes

Stefano Rizza et al. Atherosclerosis. 2009 Oct.

Abstract

Objective: Offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes (OPDs) exhibits endothelial dysfunction (ED) associated with a chronic inflammatory state. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are beneficial for cardiovascular and metabolic health. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with fish oil rich in n-3 PUFA may improve ED in otherwise healthy OPDs.

Methods and design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 50 OPDs. Participants were randomized to treatment with either placebo or n-3 PUFA (2g/day) for 12 weeks. Before and after treatment we evaluated endothelial function (using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery), circulating inflammatory markers (adiponectin, TNF-alpha, and high sensitivity-CRP), and insulin resistance (QUICKI).

Results: No significant changes were observed in study outcomes in subjects treated with placebo. By contrast, when compared with baseline values, subjects treated with n-3 PUFA had significant improvement in FMD (9.1+/-5.8% vs. 11.7+/-4.4%, p=0.02) that was accompanied by decreased plasma triglycerides (117+/-73mg/dl vs. 86+/-44mg/dl, p=0.001) and TNF-alpha levels (8.9+/-2.3pg/ml vs. 6.8+/-2.7pg/ml, p=0.001), and a trend towards increased plasma adiponectin levels (7.8+/-4.5microg/ml vs. 9.5+/-5.1microg/ml, p=0.09). When data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis, decreased TNF-alpha after treatment with n-3 PUFA predicted increased FMD.

Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFA significantly improved endothelial function and reduced pro-inflammatory markers in OPDs. Thus, fish oil consumption may have beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic health effects in otherwise healthy subjects predisposed to diabetes and its vascular complications.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

No conflict of interest, potentially prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported, concerns this manuscript.

Figures

Fig. 1

Change in flow mediated dilation (FMD) in OPDs after n-3 PUFA or placebo treatment. Panel A: baseline FMD (hatched bars) and FMD after 12 weeks (dark grey bars) of n-3 PUFA or placebo. Panel B: white bars represent baseline FMD; grey bars represents FMD after 12 weeks of n-3 PUFA. Panel C: white bars represent baseline FMD; grey bars represents FMD after 12 weeks of placebo. NGT: normal glucose tolerance; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance. Bar graphs show data as mean ± S.E.M.

Fig. 2

Correlations between changes in FMD and changes in triglyceride or TNF-α levels after 12 weeks of therapy with n-3 PUFA.

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Fish oil supplementation improves endothelial function in normoglycemic offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes - PubMed (original) (raw)