Host switch during evolution of a genetically distinct hantavirus in the American shrew mole (Neurotrichus gibbsii) - PubMed (original) (raw)

Fig. 3

Phylogenetic comparisons, showing concordance (red line) and discordance (green line) for each virus-host relationship. Virus phylogenetic trees were generated by maximum-likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods, using the GTR+I+Γ model of evolution, based on the coding regions of the full-length (S) 1,287-nucleotide S- and (M) 3,426-nucleotide M-genomic segments of OXBV. Similar topologies were also found for the partial 4,358-nucleotide L segment and for the deduced amino acid sequences of each genomic segment (data not shown). The average standard deviations of split frequencies between 8 MCMC chains based on 2 million generations sampled at a frequency of 100 in MrBayes were 0.007536 (S tree), 0.001170 (M tree) and 0.000887 (L tree). In these unrooted ML trees, the phylogenetic positions of OXBV are shown in relation to representative murine rodent-borne hantaviruses, including Hantaan virus (HTNV 76–118, NC_005218, Y00386), Soochong virus (SOOV SOO-1, AY675349, AY675353), Dobrava virus (DOBV Greece, NC_005233, NC_005234) and Seoul virus (SEOV HR80–39, NC_005236, NC_005237); arvicoline rodent-borne hantaviruses, including Tula virus (TULV M5302v, NC_005227, NC_005228), Puumala virus (PUUV Sotkamo, NC_005224, NC_005223) and Prospect Hill virus (PHV PH-1, Z49098, X55129); and a sigmodontine and neotomine rodent-borne hantavirus, Andes virus (ANDV Chile-9717869, NC_003466, NC_003467) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV NMH10, NC_005216, NC_005215). Also shown are Thottapalayam virus (TPMV VRC66412, AY526097, EU001329) from the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus); Imjin virus (MJNV Cl05–11, EF641804, EF641798) from the Ussuri white-toothed shrew (Crocidura lasiura); Cao Bang virus (CBNV CBN-3, EF543524, EF543526) from the Chinese mole shrew (Anourosorex squamipes); Ash River virus (ARRV MSB73418, EF650086) from the masked shrew (Sorex cinereus); Jemez Springs virus (JMSV MSB144475, FJ593499, FJ593500) from the dusky shrew (Sorex monticolus); Seewis virus (SWSV mp70, EF636024, EF636025) from the Eurasian common shrew (Sorex araneus); and Asama virus (ASAV N10, EU929072, EU929075) from the Japanese shrew mole (Urotrichus talpoides). GenBank accession numbers for OXBV S, M and L segments are FJ539166, FJ539167 and FJ593497, respectively. Host phylogenetic tree were based on the full-length 1,140-nucleotide cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA of representative members of the Orders Rodentia and Soricomorpha. The phylogenetic position of Neurotrichus gibbsii (FJ595237) is shown in relationship to another talpid mole, Urotrichus talpoides (EU918371), as well as other murine rodents, including Apodemus agrarius (AB303225), Apodemus peninsulae (AB073811), Apodemus flavicollis (AJ605652) and Rattus norvegicus (AB355903); arvicoline rodents, including Microtus arvalis (EU439459), Myodes glareolus (AF119272) and Microtus pennsylvanicus (AF119279); neotomine and sigmodontine rodents, Peromyscus maniculatus (AF119261) and Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (AF346566), respectively; soricine shrews, including Anourosorex squamipes (AB175090), Sorex cinereus (FJ667512), Sorex monticolus (FJ667514) and Sorex araneus (FJ667524); and crocidurine shrews, including Suncus murinus (AB175075) and Crocidura lasiura (AB077071). For the outgroup, Mustela putorius (EF987746) and Mustela strigidorsa (EF987748) were used. Color was used to show grouping of hosts into their respective taxonomic Family. The numbers at each node are posterior node probabilities based on 30,000 trees: two replicate Markov Chain Monte Carlo runs consisting of four chains of 2 million generations each sampled every 100 generations with a burn-in of 5,000 (25%). Bootstrap values, expressed as a percentage of 100 replicates in ML analysis, implemented in RAxML Blackbox web-server (Stamatakis et al., 2008), were similar.