Reliability and validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ for sodium intake in low-income and low-literacy Brazilian hypertensive subjects - PubMed (original) (raw)
. 2009 Nov;12(11):2168-73.
doi: 10.1017/S1368980009005825. Epub 2009 May 28.
Affiliations
- PMID: 19476677
- DOI: 10.1017/S1368980009005825
Reliability and validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ for sodium intake in low-income and low-literacy Brazilian hypertensive subjects
Maria-Carolina S Ferreira-Sae et al. Public Health Nutr. 2009 Nov.
Abstract
Objective: To assess the reliability and validity of an FFQ to evaluate dietary patterns of Na consumption among low-income and low-literacy Brazilian hypertensive subjects.
Design: The initial FFQ was submitted to content analysis with the pre-test administered to fifteen subjects. Reliability was evaluated according to the reproducibility criterion, with interviewer administration of the FFQ twice within a 15 d interval. Validity was assessed against a 24 h recall (132 subjects), a 3 d diet record (121 subjects) and a biomarker (24 h urinary Na; 121 subjects). To test the correlation with the biomarker, discretionary salt was added to the FFQ Na values.
Setting: A large urban teaching hospital in south-eastern Brazil.
Subjects: The study was based on 132 randomly selected subjects (eighty-three women and forty-nine men) aged 18 to 85 years.
Results: Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.98, confirming the reproducibility of the FFQ. There was no correlation between urinary Na excretion, the FFQ and the 24 h recall for the general sample, although significant correlations had been observed when methods were summed up (24 h recall + discretionary salt + FFQ; 0.32, P = 0.01). The addition of discretionary salt significantly improved the biomarker-based FFQ validity, with correlation coefficients varying from 0.19 (general sample) to 0.31 (female sub-sample).
Conclusions: The developed FFQ demonstrated satisfactory evidence of validity and reliability and can be used as an important complementary tool for the evaluation of Na intake among Brazilian hypertensive subjects.
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