Basophils trump dendritic cells as APCs for T(H)2 responses - PubMed (original) (raw)

Basophils trump dendritic cells as APCs for T(H)2 responses

Thomas A Wynn. Nat Immunol. 2009 Jul.

Abstract

Dendritic cells are best known as antigen-presenting cells that initiate adaptive immune responses. Three new papers suggest that basophils initiate allergen- and helminth-driven CD4+ T helper type 2 responses by functioning as antigen-presenting cells in draining lymph nodes.

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Figure 1

Figure 1

A new paradigm for the initiation of type 2 immunity. In the present model (bottom), DCs serve as the main professional APCs for the development of antigen-specific CD4+ T cell responses. During the development of TH1 and TH-17 responses, DCs are activated in the periphery by various pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) and migrate to the draining lymph nodes, where they present antigen to naive T cells in the context of MHC class II (MHC II). This ‘DC1’ population secretes specific cytokines, such as IL-12, that ‘instruct’ CD4+ TH1 responses or cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and IL-23, which participate in the differentiation of TH-17 cells. In contrast to TH1- and TH-17-promoting antigens, TH2-inducing allergens, antigen-IgE immune complexes and helminth-derived secreted proteins activate an alternative APC-designated ‘DC2’ that requires an exogenous source of IL-4 to direct TH2 development. In the revised model (top), DCs are not required for the development of antigen-specific TH2 cell responses, because basophils can function as professional APCs. In contrast to the ‘DC2’ population, basophils also produce IL-4 when stimulated by TH2-inducing antigens in the draining lymph nodes. Consequently, accessory cells are no longer required for the initiation of TH2 responses in this model. TGF, transforming growth factor.

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