Folic acid source, usual intake, and folate and vitamin B-12 status in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 - PubMed (original) (raw)
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28401. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
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- PMID: 19828716
- DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28401
Free article
Folic acid source, usual intake, and folate and vitamin B-12 status in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006
Quanhe Yang et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jan.
Free article
Erratum in
- Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Oct;92(4):1001. Dosage error in article text
Abstract
Background: US adults have access to multiple sources of folic acid. The contribution of these sources to usual intakes above the tolerable upper intake level (UL) (1000 microg/d) and to folate and vitamin B-12 status is unknown.
Objective: The objective was to estimate usual folic acid intake above the UL and adjusted serum and red blood cell folate, vitamin B-12, methylmalonic acid, and homocysteine concentrations among US adults by 3 major folic acid intake sources-enriched cereal-grain products (ECGP), ready-to-eat cereals (RTE), and supplements (SUP)-categorized into 4 mutually exclusive consumption groups.
Design: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 (n = 8258).
Results: Overall, 2.7% (95% CI: 1.9%, 3.5%) of adults consumed more than the UL of folic acid. The proportions of those who consumed folic acid from ECGP only, ECGP+RTE, ECGP+SUP, and ECGP+RTE+SUP were 42%, 18%, 25%, and 15%, respectively. Of 60% of adults who did not consume supplements containing folic acid (ECGP only and ECGP+RTE), 0% had intakes that exceeded the UL. Of 34% and 6% of adults who consumed supplements with an average of < or = 400 and >400 microg folic acid/d, <1% and 47.8% (95% CI: 39.6%, 56.0%), respectively, had intakes that exceeded the UL. Consumption of RTE and/or supplements with folic acid was associated with higher folate and vitamin B-12 and lower homocysteine concentrations, and consumption of supplements with vitamin B-12 was associated with lower methylmalonic acid concentrations (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: At current fortification levels, US adults who do not consume supplements or who consume an average of < or =400 microg folic acid/d from supplements are unlikely to exceed the UL in intake for folic acid.
Comment in
- Getting folic acid nutrition right.
Rosenberg I. Rosenberg I. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jan;91(1):3-4. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28949. Epub 2009 Dec 2. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010. PMID: 19955398 No abstract available. - Folic acid nutrition: what about the little children?
Smith AD. Smith AD. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1408-9; author reply 1409. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29238. Epub 2010 Mar 17. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010. PMID: 20237139 No abstract available.
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