Associations between dietary habits and body mass index with gut microbiota composition and fecal water genotoxicity: an observational study in African American and Caucasian American volunteers - PubMed (original) (raw)

Comparative Study

Associations between dietary habits and body mass index with gut microbiota composition and fecal water genotoxicity: an observational study in African American and Caucasian American volunteers

Volker Mai et al. Nutr J. 2009.

Abstract

Background: African Americans (AA) suffer from an increased incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Environmental exposures including dietary habits likely contribute to a high burden of CRC, however, data on the dietary habits of AA is sparse. Diet might change the composition and the activities of the intestinal microbiota, in turn affecting fecal genotoxicity/mutagenicity that is thought to be associated with carcinogenesis.

Methods: We assessed dietary habits by food frequency questionnaire and by food records in 52 AA and 46 CA residents of the Eastern Shore of MD. Fecal microbiota composition was determined using 16S rRNA based methods and fecal genotoxicity measured using the Comet assay.

Results: AA reported an increased intake of heterocyclic amines and a decreased dietary intake of vitamins including vitamin D (p<0.05) that correlated with differences in fecal microbiota composition but not fecal genotoxicity. Intake of dietary fiber, calcium, total fat and heterocyclic amines correlated with differences in microbiota composition. Total bacterial counts/g of stool and raw counts of Bacteroides were increased in AA. In contrast to a previous study, BMI was not associated with proportions of Bacteroides.

Conclusion: Dietary habits of African Americans, including increased HCA intake and decreased vitamin D intake might at least partially contribute to CRC through modifications of gut microbiota composition that result in changes of the intestinal milieu.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

DNA damage and viability of HT 29 cells after incubation with FW. AAs (n = 21), CAs (n = 22), males and females. NaCl -- negative control; H2O2 -- positive control.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Comparison of microbiota between AA and CA. Fixed stool samples were hybridized with probes directed against Bacteroidetes (Bac 303), Clostridium Cluster XIVa (Erec482), Bifidobacteria (Bif164) and Lactic Acid bacteria (Lab158) and enumerated by FISH as described in Materials and Methods. Total bacterial counts were determined using DAPI.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Proportions of bacteroidetes and Clostridia Cluster XIVa in obese vs. lean subjects as determined by a) FISH and b) qPCR analysis.

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