Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract from Pogostemon cablin - PubMed (original) (raw)

Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Methanol Extract from Pogostemon cablin

Tsung-Chun Lu et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011.

Abstract

Pogostemon cablin (PC) is a herbal medicine traditionally applied to treat not only common cold, nausea and diarrhea but also headache and fever. The aim of this study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of standardized PC methanol extract (PCMeOH) in vivo. Investigations were performed in mice with two analgesic models. One was acetic acid-induced writhing response and the other formalin-induced paw licking. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested by λ-carrageenan (Carr)-induced mice paw edema. These analgesic experimental results indicated that PCMeOH (1.0 g/kg) decreased the acetic acid-induced writhing responses and PCMeOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) decreased the licking time in the second phase of the formalin test. Moreover, Carr-induced paw edema inflammation was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner when PCMeOH (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) was administered 3 and 4 h after the Carr injection. Mechanistic studies showed that PCMeOH decreased the levels of malondialdehyde in the edema paw by increasing the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, in the liver and decreasing the cyclooxygenase 2 and tumor necrosis factor-α activities in the edema paw. This study has demonstrated the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of PCMeOH, thus verifying its popular use in traditional medicine.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Analgesic effect of the PCMeOH and Indo on acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. Each value represents mean ± SEM. **P < .01, ***P < .001 as compared with the control (Con) group. (One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's multiple range test).

Figure 2

Figure 2

Analgesic effect of the PCMeOH and Indo on the (a) early phase and (b) late phase in formalin test in mice. Each value represents mean ± SEM. *P < .05, ***P < .001 as compared with the control (Con) group. (One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's multiple range test).

Figure 3

Figure 3

Effect of the PCMeOH and Indo on hind paw edema induced by Carr in mice. Indo was administered i.p. at 150 min after Carr injection. PCMeOH was administered orally (p.o.) at 120 min after Carr injection. Each value represents mean ± SEM. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001 as compared with the Carr group. (One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's multiple range test).

Figure 4

Figure 4

The MDA accumulation of the PCMeOH and Indo at the third hour after Carr injection in the mice edema paw. Each value represents mean ± SEM. ***P < .001 as compared with the Carr group. (One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's multiple range test).

Figure 5

Figure 5

Effect of the PCMeOH and Indo on the liver (a) SOD, (b) GRx and (c) GPx activities in mice. Each value represents mean ± SEM. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001 as compared with the Carr group. (One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's multiple range test).

Figure 6

Figure 6

The COX-2 accumulation of the PCMeOH and Indo at the third hour after Carr injection in the mice edema paw. All values represent means ± SEM (n = 10). *P < .05, ***P < .001 as compared with the Carr group. (One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's multiple range test).

Figure 7

Figure 7

The TNF-α accumulation of the PCMeOH and Indo at third hour after Carr injection in the mice edema paw. All values represent as means ± SEM (n = 10). **P < .01, ***P < .001 as compared with the Carr group. (One-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's multiple range test).

Figure 8

Figure 8

Proposed model of mechanisms in Carr-induced acute inflammatory response in the mice hind paw.

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