Dicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavity - PubMed (original) (raw)

. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1301-6.

doi: 10.1038/nature09009.

Affiliations

• PMID: 20428162
• DOI: 10.1038/nature09009

Dicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavity

Kristian Baumann et al. Nature. 2010.

Abstract

A phase transition describes the sudden change of state of a physical system, such as melting or freezing. Quantum gases provide the opportunity to establish a direct link between experiments and generic models that capture the underlying physics. The Dicke model describes a collective matter-light interaction and has been predicted to show an intriguing quantum phase transition. Here we realize the Dicke quantum phase transition in an open system formed by a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, and observe the emergence of a self-organized supersolid phase. The phase transition is driven by infinitely long-range interactions between the condensed atoms, induced by two-photon processes involving the cavity mode and a pump field. We show that the phase transition is described by the Dicke Hamiltonian, including counter-rotating coupling terms, and that the supersolid phase is associated with a spontaneously broken spatial symmetry. The boundary of the phase transition is mapped out in quantitative agreement with the Dicke model. Our results should facilitate studies of quantum gases with long-range interactions and provide access to novel quantum phases.

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Comment in

• Quantum physics: Atoms in chequerboard order.
  Chin C, Gemelke N. Chin C, et al. Nature. 2010 Apr 29;464(7293):1289-90. doi: 10.1038/4641289a. Nature. 2010. PMID: 20428157 No abstract available.

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