Anti-cyanobacterial activity of Moringa oleifera seeds - PubMed (original) (raw)

Anti-cyanobacterial activity of Moringa oleifera seeds

Miquel Lürling et al. J Appl Phycol. 2010 Aug.

Abstract

Filtrates from crushed Moringa oleifera seeds were tested for their effects on growth and Photosystem II efficiency of the common bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. M. aeruginosa populations exhibited good growth in controls and treatments with 4- and 8-mg crushed Moringa seeds per liter, having similar growth rates of 0.50 (+/-0.01) per day. In exposures of 20- to 160-mg crushed Moringa seeds L(-1), growth rates were negative and on average -0.23 (+/-0.05) .day(-1). Presumably, in the higher doses of 20- to 160-mg crushed seeds per liter, the cyanobacteria died, which was supported by a rapid drop in the Photosystem II efficiency (Phi(PSII)), while the Phi(PSII) was high and unaffected in 0, 4, and 8 mg L(-1). High-density populations of M. aeruginosa (chlorophyll-a concentrations of approximately 270 microg L(-1)) were reduced to very low levels within 2 weeks of exposure to >/=80-mg crushed seeds per liter. At the highest dosage of 160 mg L(-1), the Phi(PSII) dropped to zero rapidly and remained nil during the course of the experiment (14 days). Hence, under laboratory conditions, a complete wipeout of the bloom could be achieved. This is the first study that yielded evidence for cyanobactericidal activity of filtrate from crushed Moringa seeds, suggesting that Moringa seed extracts might have a potential as an effect-oriented measure lessening cyanobacterial nuisance.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Light absorption (per meter) of algal growth medium (WC medium), algal growth medium with the highest dosage of filtrate from crushed M. oleifera seeds used in the experiments (160 mg L−1; 2.73 mg DOC L−1), and of filtrate from the stock (8,000 mg L−1; 137 mg DOC L−1), over the PAR wave band (350–750 nm)

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Effects of filtrates from crushed M. oleifera seeds (0–160 mg L−1) on the chlorophyll-a concentrations (a) and Photosystem II efficiency (b) of M. aeruginosa populations. Error bars = SD, n = 3

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

Growth rates (per day) of M. aeruginosa populations that were exposed to different concentrations of filtrate from crushed M. oleifera seeds (0–160 mg L−1). Error bars = SD, n = 3. Similar letters (A, B) indicate homogeneous groups that are not different at the P = 0.05 level (Tukey’s test)

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

The course of chlorophyll-a concentrations (a) and Photosystem II efficiency (b) in M. aeruginosa populations in high, blooming densities that were exposed to different concentrations of filtrate from crushed M. oleifera seeds (0–160 mg L−1). Error bars = SD, n = 3

Fig. 5

Fig. 5

Biovolume (black bars, µm3 mL−1), number of particles (white bars, mL−1), and mean particle volume (µm3) in M. aeruginosa populations after 2 days of exposure to different concentrations of filtrate from crushed M. oleifera seeds (0–160 mg L−1). Error bars = SD, n = 3. Similar letters (a, b and α, β, χ) indicate homogeneous groups that are not different at the P = 0.05 level (Tukey’s test)

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