N-acetylglucosamine: production and applications - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
N-acetylglucosamine: production and applications
Jeen-Kuan Chen et al. Mar Drugs. 2010.
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a monosaccharide that usually polymerizes linearly through (1,4)-β-linkages. GlcNAc is the monomeric unit of the polymer chitin, the second most abundant carbohydrate after cellulose. In addition to serving as a component of this homogeneous polysaccharide, GlcNAc is also a basic component of hyaluronic acid and keratin sulfate on the cell surface. In this review, we discuss the industrial production of GlcNAc, using chitin as a substrate, by chemical, enzymatic and biotransformation methods. Also, newly developed methods to obtain GlcNAc using glucose as a substrate in genetically modified microorganisms are introduced. Moreover, GlcNAc has generated interest not only as an underutilized resource but also as a new functional material with high potential in various fields. Here we also take a closer look at the current applications of GlcNAc, and several new and cutting edge approaches in this fascinating area are thoroughly discussed.
Keywords: N-acetylglucosamine; carbohydrate; chitin.
Figures
Figure 1
Production of GlcNAc using chitin as a substrate. (1) Chemical methods; (2) Enzymatic methods; (3) Improved enzymatic methods; and (4) Biotransformation methods.
Figure 2
Two-stage chitin-hydrolyss bioreactor.
Figure 3
Production of GlcNAc by biotransformation.
Similar articles
- N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine Production by a Chitinase of Marine Fungal Origin: a Case Study of Potential Industrial Significance for Valorization of Waste Chitins.
Das S, Dey P, Roy D, Maiti MK, Sen R. Das S, et al. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2019 Jan;187(1):407-423. doi: 10.1007/s12010-018-2822-3. Epub 2018 Jul 2. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2019. PMID: 29961902 - Enzymatic polymerization to novel polysaccharides having a glucose-N-acetylglucosamine repeating unit, a cellulose-chitin hybrid polysaccharide.
Kobayashi S, Makino A, Matsumoto H, Kunii S, Ohmae M, Kiyosada T, Makiguchi K, Matsumoto A, Horie M, Shoda S. Kobayashi S, et al. Biomacromolecules. 2006 May;7(5):1644-56. doi: 10.1021/bm060094q. Biomacromolecules. 2006. PMID: 16677050 - Heterologous expression and characterization of thermostable chitinase and β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from Caldicellulosiruptor acetigenus and their synergistic action on the bioconversion of chitin into N-acetyl-d-glucosamine.
Qin X, Xin Y, Su X, Wang X, Zhang J, Tu T, Wang Y, Yao B, Huang H, Luo H. Qin X, et al. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021 Dec 1;192:250-257. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.204. Epub 2021 Oct 7. Int J Biol Macromol. 2021. PMID: 34627844 - Enzymatic properties of β-N-acetylglucosaminidases.
Zhang R, Zhou J, Song Z, Huang Z. Zhang R, et al. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Jan;102(1):93-103. doi: 10.1007/s00253-017-8624-7. Epub 2017 Nov 16. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018. PMID: 29143882 Review. - An overview of fungal chitinases and their potential applications.
Thakur D, Bairwa A, Dipta B, Jhilta P, Chauhan A. Thakur D, et al. Protoplasma. 2023 Jul;260(4):1031-1046. doi: 10.1007/s00709-023-01839-5. Epub 2023 Feb 8. Protoplasma. 2023. PMID: 36752884 Review.
Cited by
- Chemoenzymatic Production and Engineering of Chitooligosaccharides and _N_-acetyl Glucosamine for Refining Biological Activities.
Kumar M, Rajput M, Soni T, Vivekanand V, Pareek N. Kumar M, et al. Front Chem. 2020 Jun 24;8:469. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00469. eCollection 2020. Front Chem. 2020. PMID: 32671017 Free PMC article. Review. - _N_-Acetyl-D-glucosamine improves the intestinal development and nutrient absorption of weaned piglets via regulating the activity of intestinal stem cells.
Wang Z, Hu J, Yang X, Yin L, Wang M, Yin Y, Li J, Yang H, Yin Y. Wang Z, et al. Anim Nutr. 2022 Mar;8(1):10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.04.008. Epub 2021 Oct 2. Anim Nutr. 2022. PMID: 34977371 Free PMC article. - Daily consumption of the collagen supplement Pure Gold Collagen® reduces visible signs of aging.
Borumand M, Sibilla S. Borumand M, et al. Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Oct 13;9:1747-58. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S65939. eCollection 2014. Clin Interv Aging. 2014. PMID: 25342893 Free PMC article. - Nutrient and Sensory Metabolites Profiling of Averrhoa Carambola L. (Starfruit) in the Context of Its Origin and Ripening Stage by GC/MS and Chemometric Analysis.
Ramadan NS, Wessjohann LA, Mocan A, Vodnar DC, El-Sayed NH, El-Toumy SA, Mohamed DA, Aziz ZA, Ehrlich A, Farag MA. Ramadan NS, et al. Molecules. 2020 May 22;25(10):2423. doi: 10.3390/molecules25102423. Molecules. 2020. PMID: 32455938 Free PMC article. - N-acetylglucosamine-mediated morphological transition in Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.
Lew SQ, Lin CH. Lew SQ, et al. Curr Genet. 2021 Apr;67(2):249-254. doi: 10.1007/s00294-020-01138-z. Epub 2021 Jan 2. Curr Genet. 2021. PMID: 33388851 Review.
References
- Chiu PCN, Tsang HY, Koistinen H, Seppala M, Lee KF, Yeung WSB. The Contribution of d-Mannose, l-Fucose, N-Acetylglucosamine, and Selectin Residues on the Binding of Glycodenlin Isoforms to Human Spermatozoa. Biol. Reprod. 2004;70:1710–1719. - PubMed
- Promé JC, Denarié J, Truchet G. Acylated Chitooligomers Are Molecular Signals That Mediate the Symbiotic Interactions Between Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria and Their Host Plants. Pure Appl. Chem. 1998;70:55–60.
- Oldroyd GED, Mitra RM, Wais RJ, Long SR. Evidence for Structurally Specific Negative Feedback in the Nod Factor Signal Transduction Pathway. Plant J. 2001;28:191–199. - PubMed
- Watkins WM. Biochemistry and Genetics of the ABO, H, Lewis and P Blood Group Systems. Adv. Hum. Genet. 1980;10:1–136. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources