Predictors of retrograde aortic arch obstruction after hybrid palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome - PubMed (original) (raw)

Predictors of retrograde aortic arch obstruction after hybrid palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome

Matthew J Egan et al. Pediatr Cardiol. 2011 Jan.

Abstract

A potential complication after hybrid stage 1 palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is retrograde aortic arch obstruction (RAAO). This can lead to increased morbidity and unplanned surgical or interventional procedures in the interstage period. This study aimed to identify potential predictors of RAAO by analyzing initial echocardiograms and angiograms before hybrid stage 1 palliation. For this study, 96 patients who underwent hybrid stage 1 palliation between July 2002 and July 2009 were reviewed, 68 of which had standard HLHS and met the inclusion criteria. The initial echocardiogram, hybrid stage 1 angiograms, and follow-up echocardiograms were reviewed. Anatomic and hemodynamic measurements were obtained by both modalities, and comparisons were made between those who developed RAAO and those who did not. Of the 68 patients, 20 (29%) had RAAO. The mean aortic root size was smaller for the patients who had RAAO (3.6 vs 4.4 mm; p = 0.036). The angiographic angle between the aortic isthmus and the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was significantly larger in the RAAO group (86° vs 63°; p = 0.008). The retrograde aortic arch velocities were higher in the RAAO group. Patients with RAAO have a smaller aortic root and higher retrograde velocities on initial echocardiogram. Patients with RAAO show a larger angle between the retrograde arch and PDA on angiogram. Because RAAO is an important potential complication after hybrid stage 1 palliation for HLHS, identification of predictors of RAAO may lead to improved care and outcome for patients with RAAO.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Aortic annulus and aortic root measurements. This parasternal long-axis view shows measurements of the aortic annulus (A) and aortic root (B)

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Aortic arch measurements. This high parasternal view shows measurements of the ascending aorta (A), proximal transverse aortic arch (B), distal transverse aortic arch (C), and aortic isthmus (D)

Fig. 3

Fig. 3

a Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent seen by two-dimensional imaging (left) and color Doppler (right) demonstrating antegrade flow through the PDA stent. There is aliased retrograde flow from the PDA stent into the retrograde aortic arch. b Continuous-wave Doppler analysis of retrograde aortic arch flow in a patient with retrograde aortic arch obstruction (RAAO)

Fig. 4

Fig. 4

Lateral angiogram obtained by an injection through a 6-Fr sheath placed in the main pulmonary artery during hybrid stage 1 palliation demonstrating the measurements of the ascending aorta (a), transverse aortic arch (b), aortic isthmus (c), and descending aorta (d)

Fig. 5

Fig. 5

Two measurements of the angle between the aortic isthmus orifice and the ductus arteriosus are demonstrated. The angle is obtained by intersecting lines that transect the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and the entrance of the aortic isthmus (*). a Angle of 101°. b Angle of 40° between the aortic isthmus and the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

Fig. 6

Fig. 6

The retrograde aortic arch obstruction (RAAO) group started with slightly higher retrograde aortic arch velocities that increased at a slightly faster rate over time than the group that did not experience RAAO, as demonstrated by the slope of the line

Fig. 7

Fig. 7

The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) velocities increased over time in both groups at similar rates

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