Role of unfolded protein response in lipogenesis - PubMed (original) (raw)

Role of unfolded protein response in lipogenesis

Ze Zheng et al. World J Hepatol. 2010.

Abstract

The signal transduction network in regulating lipid metabolism is a hot topic of biomedical research. Recent research endeavors reveal that intracellular stress signaling from a cellular organelle called endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is critically involved in lipid homeostasis and the development of metabolic disease. The ER is a site where newly-synthesized proteins are folded and assembled into their three-dimensional structures, modified and transported to their precise cellular destinations. A wide range of biochemical, physiological and pathological stimuli can interrupt the protein folding process in the ER and cause accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, a condition referred to as ER stress. To cope with this stress condition, the ER has evolved highly-specific signaling pathways collectively termed Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) or ER stress response. The UPR regulates transcriptional and translational programs, affecting broad aspects of cellular metabolism and cell fate. Lipogenesis, the metabolic process of de novo lipid biosynthesis, occurs primarily in the liver where metabolic signals regulate expression of key enzymes in glycolytic and lipogenic pathways. Recent studies suggest that the UPR plays crucial roles in modulating lipogenesis under metabolic conditions. Here we address some of recent representative evidence regarding the role of the UPR in lipogenesis.

Keywords: Endoplasmic reticulum stress; Hepatic lipid metabolism; Lipogenesis; Metabolic disease; Unfolded protein response.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

The involvement of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) signaling in lipid metabolism. The UPR pathway through inositol-requiring 1α (IRE1α)/XBP1 or activating transcription factor 6 is involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expansion by enhancing phospholipid biosynthesis under ER stress conditions. The IRE1α/XBP1 pathway also regulates lipogenesis by inducing expression of the key enzymes required for triglyceride synthesis under metabolic stress. Additionally, the IRE1α/XBP1 UPR branch can drive C/EBPα expression, facilitating adipogenesis and possibly lipogenesis. The UPR pathway through PERK/eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2α can stimulate expression of the key lipogenic regulators C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and PPARγ, promoting lipogenesis under metabolic stress.

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