Mitochondrial DNA mutations in disease and aging - PubMed (original) (raw)

Figure 1.

Schematic representation of mammalian mtDNA. The double-stranded circular mammalian mtDNA molecule of ∼16.5 kb contains a single longer noncoding region, the displacement loop (D loop) region, harboring the promoters for transcription of both mtDNA strands (HSP and LSP) and the origin of leading strand replication (OH). The origin of lagging strand replication (OL) is embedded in a cluster of tRNA genes. The genes for the two rRNAs (12S and 16S rRNA), 13 mRNAs (ND1–6, ND4L, Cyt b, COI–III, ATP6, and ATP8), and 22 tRNAs (F, V, L1, I, M, W, D, K, G, R, H, S1, L2, T, P, E, S2, Y, C, N, A, and Q) are indicated by boxes. Illustration by Annika Röhl.