The fatty acid translocase gene CD36 and lingual lipase influence oral sensitivity to fat in obese subjects - PubMed (original) (raw)

Controlled Clinical Trial

. 2012 Mar;53(3):561-566.

doi: 10.1194/jlr.M021873. Epub 2011 Dec 31.

Affiliations

Controlled Clinical Trial

The fatty acid translocase gene CD36 and lingual lipase influence oral sensitivity to fat in obese subjects

Marta Yanina Pepino et al. J Lipid Res. 2012 Mar.

Abstract

The precise orosensory inputs engaged for dietary lipids detection in humans are unknown. We evaluated whether a common single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1761667) in the CD36 gene that reduces CD36 expression and the addition of orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, to reduce FA release from triacylglycerols (TGs), the main component of dietary fats, would attenuate fat orosensory sensitivity in humans. Twenty-one obese subjects with different rs1761667 genotypes (6 AA, 7 AG, and 8 GG) were studied on two occasions in which oleic acid and triolein orosensory detection thresholds were measured using emulsions prepared with and without orlistat. Subjects homozygous for the G-allele had 8-fold lower oral detection thresholds for oleic acid and triolein than subjects homozygous for the A allele, which associates with lower CD36 expression (P = 0.03). Thresholds for heterozygous subjects were intermediate. The addition of orlistat increased detection thresholds for triolein (log threshold = -0.3 ± 0.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1; P < 0.001) but not oleic acid (log threshold = -1.0 ± 0.2 vs. -0.8 ± 0.2; P > 0.2). In conclusion, this is the first experimental evidence for a role of CD36 in fat gustatory perception in humans. The data also support involvement of lingual lipase and are consistent with the concept that FA and not TG is the sensed stimulus.

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Figures

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Oleic acid (open symbol) and triolein (closed symbol) detection thresholds in individuals who are homozygous for the allele associated with low (AA, n = 6) or high (GG, n = 8) CD36 expression levels and in heterozygous subjects (AG, n = 7). Note that the lower the detection threshold, the higher the sensitivity. Different letters signify significant differences at P < 0.05 between groups.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Triolein and oleic acid oral detection thresholds measured in 21 obese subjects. Lower detection thresholds indicate higher sensitivity.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Triolein and oleic acid oral detection thresholds measured in 21 obese subjects using emulsions with (Orlistat day; closed symbol) and without (Control day, open symbol) 0.5%w/v orlistat. Lower detection thresholds indicate higher sensitivity.

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