The miR-29 family: genomics, cell biology, and relevance to renal and cardiovascular injury - PubMed (original) (raw)

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The miR-29 family: genomics, cell biology, and relevance to renal and cardiovascular injury

Alison J Kriegel et al. Physiol Genomics. 2012.

Abstract

The human miR-29 family of microRNAs has three mature members, miR-29a, miR-29b, and miR-29c. miR-29s are encoded by two gene clusters. Binding sites for several transcriptional factors have been identified in the promoter regions of miR-29 genes. The miR-29 family members share a common seed region sequence and are predicted to target largely overlapping sets of genes. However, the miR-29 family members exhibit differential regulation in several cases and different subcellular distribution, suggesting their functional relevance may not be identical. miR-29s directly target at least 16 extracellular matrix genes, providing a dramatic example of a single microRNA targeting a large group of functionally related genes. Strong antifibrotic effects of miR-29s have been demonstrated in heart, kidney, and other organs. miR-29s have also been shown to be proapoptotic and involved in the regulation of cell differentiation. It remains to be explored how various cellular effects of miR-29s determine functional relevance of miR-29s to specific diseases and how the miR-29 family members may function cooperatively or separately.

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Figures

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Mature sequences and primary transcripts of the miR-29 family. A: mature sequences of the miR-29 family members are conserved in human (hsa-), mouse (mmu-), and rat (rno-), and share identical seed regions. Nucleotides that differ among the miR-29 family members are shown in red. B: primary transcripts of the miR-29 gene clusters in human. Exons and introns are shown as vertical boxes and horizontal lines, respectively. The hairpins indicate the locations of the sequences encoding precursors of miR-29s. Numbers indicate the nucleotide length of each exon or intron.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Transcriptional regulators and target genes of miR-29s. A: transcriptional factors with experimentally supported binding sites in miR-29 promoter regions. B: several cellular processes and genes that have been reported to be targeted by miR-29s.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

An overview of the biology and disease relevance of the miR-29 family.

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