Common origins and host-dependent diversity of plant and animal viromes - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Common origins and host-dependent diversity of plant and animal viromes

Valerian V Dolja et al. Curr Opin Virol. 2011 Nov.

Abstract

Many viruses infecting animals and plants share common cores of homologous genes involved in the key processes of viral replication. In contrast, genes that mediate virus–host interactions including in many cases capsid protein (CP) genes are markedly different. There are three distinct scenarios for the origin of related viruses of plants and animals: first, evolution from a common ancestral virus predating the divergence of plants and animals; second, horizontal transfer of viruses, for example, through insect vectors; third, parallel origin from related genetic elements. We present evidence that each of these scenarios contributed, to a varying extent, to the evolution of different groups of viruses.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Global ecology of viruses. The shapes denoting virus taxa are color-coded in accordance with their host range as indicated in the figure. NCLDV, Nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses; SF, superfamily.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Comparison of genome architectures of related plant and animal viruses: The housekeeping and interactive gene modules. The virus genes are drawn as boxes approximately to scale. For each pair of animal (pink background) and plant (green background) viruses, the homologous genes are shown in the same color. Gene designations: VP, virus protein; S3H, superfamily 3 helicase; g, virus protein, genome-linked; RdRp, Rna-dependent RNA polymerase; MP, movement protein; CP, capsid protein; ProC, protease cofactor; C-Pro, cysteine protease; nsP, non-structural protein; CAP, capping enzyme; S1H, superfamily 1 helicase; P-Pro, papain-like protease; NC, nucleocapsid protein; E, envelope protein; C, nucleocapsid protein; prM, pre-membrane protein; NS, non-structural protein; Pro, protease; S2H, superfamily 2 helicase; MET; methyltransferase; G, glycoprotein; N, nucleocapsid protein; RCRE, rolling-circle replication endonuclease; NSP, nuclear shuttle protein. Virus abbreviations: PolioV, Poliovirus; CPMV, Cowpea mosaic virus; SINV, Sindbis virus; TMV, Tobacco mosaic virus; DENV Dengue fever virus; TBSV, Tomato bushy stunt virus; RVFV, Rift valley fever virus; TSWV, Tomato spotted wilt virus.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Comparison of genome architectures of related plant and animal viruses: The housekeeping and interactive gene modules. The virus genes are drawn as boxes approximately to scale. For each pair of animal (pink background) and plant (green background) viruses, the homologous genes are shown in the same color. Gene designations: VP, virus protein; S3H, superfamily 3 helicase; g, virus protein, genome-linked; RdRp, Rna-dependent RNA polymerase; MP, movement protein; CP, capsid protein; ProC, protease cofactor; C-Pro, cysteine protease; nsP, non-structural protein; CAP, capping enzyme; S1H, superfamily 1 helicase; P-Pro, papain-like protease; NC, nucleocapsid protein; E, envelope protein; C, nucleocapsid protein; prM, pre-membrane protein; NS, non-structural protein; Pro, protease; S2H, superfamily 2 helicase; MET; methyltransferase; G, glycoprotein; N, nucleocapsid protein; RCRE, rolling-circle replication endonuclease; NSP, nuclear shuttle protein. Virus abbreviations: PolioV, Poliovirus; CPMV, Cowpea mosaic virus; SINV, Sindbis virus; TMV, Tobacco mosaic virus; DENV Dengue fever virus; TBSV, Tomato bushy stunt virus; RVFV, Rift valley fever virus; TSWV, Tomato spotted wilt virus.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Prevalence of major groups of viruses in plant and animal viromes. The bar graphs show the number of virus genera infecting plants and animals for each major group of viruses. The asterisks indicates that the only known group of typical dsDNA viruses in the plant kingdom, the Phycodnaviridae, infects green algae rather than land plants. Virus taxonomy was from the NCBI Taxonomy Browser:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&name=Viruses&lvl=3&srchmode=1&keep=1&unlock

Figure 4

Figure 4

The three scenarios for the origin of related viruses in plants and animals: Common ancestry, horizontal virus transfer and parallel evolution. For each scenario, examples of virus groups to which it most likely applies are given (see text). Abbreviations: LECA, Last eukaryotic common ancestor; MP, movement protein; HVT, horizontal virus transfer; RCRE, rolling-circle replication endonuclease; CP, capsid protein.

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