Oral contraceptive use in girls and alcohol consumption in boys are associated with increased blood pressure in late adolescence - PubMed (original) (raw)
Oral contraceptive use in girls and alcohol consumption in boys are associated with increased blood pressure in late adolescence
Chi Le-Ha et al. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013 Dec.
Free article
Abstract
Aims: Lifestyle behaviours established during adolescence may adversely affect blood pressure (BP) and contribute to gender differences in cardiovascular risk in adulthood. We aimed to assess the association of health behaviours with BP in adolescents, using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Study.
Methods: Cross-sectional analysis on 1248 Raine Study adolescents aged 17 years, to examine associations between lifestyle factors and BP.
Results: Boys had 8.97 mmHg higher systolic BP, as compared with girls. The 30% of girls using oral contraceptives (OC) had 3.27 and 1.74 mmHg higher systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, compared with non-users. Alcohol consumption in boys, increasing body mass index (BMI) and the sodium-potassium ratio were associated with systolic BP. We found a continuous relationship between BMI and systolic BP in both genders; however, the gradient of this relationship was significantly steeper in boys, compared with girls not taking OC. In boys, systolic BP was 5.7 mmHg greater in alcohol consumers who were in the upper quartile of BMI and the urinary sodium-potassium ratio compared with teetotallers in the lowest quartile. In girls, systolic BP was 5.5 mmHg higher in those taking OC, in the highest BMI and urinary sodium-potassium ratio quartile as compared to those not taking the OC pill and in the lowest quartile.
Conclusion: In addition to gender-related differences in the effects of adiposity on BP, we found lifestyle-related health behaviours such as high salt intake for both sexes, consumption of alcohol in boys, and OC use in girls were important factors associated with BP measurements in late adolescence. This suggests that gender-specific behavioural modification in adolescence may prevent adult hypertension.
Keywords: Oral contraceptives; adolescence; alcohol consumption; blood pressure; body mass index; gender differences; hypertension; lifestyle; risk factors; salt consumption.
Similar articles
- Prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and overweight in older Belgian adolescents.
Nawrot TS, Hoppenbrouwers K, Den Hond E, Fagard RH, Staessen JA. Nawrot TS, et al. Eur J Public Health. 2004 Dec;14(4):361-5. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/14.4.361. Eur J Public Health. 2004. PMID: 15542870 - Blood pressure, serum total cholesterol and contraceptive pill use in 17-year-old girls.
Nawrot TS, Den Hond E, Fagard RH, Hoppenbrouwers K, Staessen JA. Nawrot TS, et al. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2003 Dec;10(6):438-42. doi: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000103463.31435.1e. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2003. PMID: 14671466 - Quantifying the relationships of blood pressure with weight, height and body mass index in Chinese children and adolescents.
Ma J, Wang Z, Dong B, Song Y, Hu P, Zhang B. Ma J, et al. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012 May;48(5):413-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2011.02221.x. Epub 2011 Nov 3. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012. PMID: 22050622 - Beyond salt: lifestyle modifications and blood pressure.
Frisoli TM, Schmieder RE, Grodzicki T, Messerli FH. Frisoli TM, et al. Eur Heart J. 2011 Dec;32(24):3081-7. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr379. Epub 2011 Oct 11. Eur Heart J. 2011. PMID: 21990264 Review. - Nutritional factors in blood pressure.
Elliott P. Elliott P. J Hum Hypertens. 1994 Aug;8(8):595-601. J Hum Hypertens. 1994. PMID: 7990088 Review.
Cited by
- Oral contraceptives in adolescents: a retrospective population-based study on blood pressure and metabolic dysregulation.
de Araújo PX, Moreira P, de Almeida DC, de Souza AA, do Carmo Franco M. de Araújo PX, et al. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2024 Jul;80(7):1097-1103. doi: 10.1007/s00228-024-03671-z. Epub 2024 Mar 30. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2024. PMID: 38554180 - Sex, Gender, and Women's Heart Health: How Women's Heart Programs Address the Knowledge Gap.
Parvand M, Ghadiri S, Théberge E, Comber L, Mullen KA, Bhalla NP, Johnson D, McKinley G, Sedlak TL. Parvand M, et al. CJC Open. 2023 Oct 20;6(2Part B):442-453. doi: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.10.012. eCollection 2024 Feb. CJC Open. 2023. PMID: 38487062 Free PMC article. Review. - Vascular function in hypertension: does gender dimension matter?
Bruno RM, Varbiro S, Pucci G, Nemcsik J, Lønnebakken MT, Kublickiene K, Schluchter H, Park C, Mozos I, Guala A, Hametner B, Seeland U, Boutouyrie P; Sex and Gender VascAgeNet Expert Group. Bruno RM, et al. J Hum Hypertens. 2023 Aug;37(8):634-643. doi: 10.1038/s41371-023-00826-w. Epub 2023 Apr 15. J Hum Hypertens. 2023. PMID: 37061653 Review. - Pharmacoepidemiological Analysis of Oral Contraceptive Use in Adolescents in a German Longitudinal Cohort Study.
Herzig M, Bertsche A, Hilbert C, Kiess W, Bertsche T, Neininger MP. Herzig M, et al. Children (Basel). 2023 Feb 16;10(2):393. doi: 10.3390/children10020393. Children (Basel). 2023. PMID: 36832522 Free PMC article. - Insight into the longitudinal relationship between chronic subclinical inflammation and obesity from adolescence to early adulthood: a dual trajectory analysis.
Beales D, Beynon A, Jacques A, Smith A, Cicuttini F, Straker L. Beales D, et al. Inflamm Res. 2021 Jul;70(7):799-809. doi: 10.1007/s00011-021-01474-x. Epub 2021 Jun 2. Inflamm Res. 2021. PMID: 34076706