Estimating and mapping the population at risk of sleeping sickness - PubMed (original) (raw)
Estimating and mapping the population at risk of sleeping sickness
Pere P Simarro et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012.
Abstract
Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, persists as a public health problem in several sub-Saharan countries. Evidence-based, spatially explicit estimates of population at risk are needed to inform planning and implementation of field interventions, monitor disease trends, raise awareness and support advocacy. Comprehensive, geo-referenced epidemiological records from HAT-affected countries were combined with human population layers to map five categories of risk, ranging from "very high" to "very low," and to estimate the corresponding at-risk population.
Results: Approximately 70 million people distributed over a surface of 1.55 million km(2) are estimated to be at different levels of risk of contracting HAT. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense accounts for 82.2% of the population at risk, the remaining 17.8% being at risk of infection from T. b. rhodesiense. Twenty-one million people live in areas classified as moderate to very high risk, where more than 1 HAT case per 10,000 inhabitants per annum is reported.
Discussion: Updated estimates of the population at risk of sleeping sickness were made, based on quantitative information on the reported cases and the geographic distribution of human population. Due to substantial methodological differences, it is not possible to make direct comparisons with previous figures for at-risk population. By contrast, it will be possible to explore trends in the future. The presented maps of different HAT risk levels will help to develop site-specific strategies for control and surveillance, and to monitor progress achieved by ongoing efforts aimed at the elimination of sleeping sickness.
Conflict of interest statement
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Figures
Similar articles
- The Atlas of human African trypanosomiasis: a contribution to global mapping of neglected tropical diseases.
Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Paone M, Franco JR, Diarra A, Ruiz JA, Fèvre EM, Courtin F, Mattioli RC, Jannin JG. Simarro PP, et al. Int J Health Geogr. 2010 Nov 1;9:57. doi: 10.1186/1476-072X-9-57. Int J Health Geogr. 2010. PMID: 21040555 Free PMC article. - The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Monitoring progress towards the 2021-2030 WHO road map targets.
Franco JR, Priotto G, Paone M, Cecchi G, Ebeja AK, Simarro PP, Sankara D, Metwally SBA, Argaw DD. Franco JR, et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024 Apr 16;18(4):e0012111. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012111. eCollection 2024 Apr. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024. PMID: 38626188 Free PMC article. - Human African trypanosomiasis in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: disease distribution and risk.
Lumbala C, Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Paone M, Franco JR, Kande Betu Ku Mesu V, Makabuza J, Diarra A, Chansy S, Priotto G, Mattioli RC, Jannin JG. Lumbala C, et al. Int J Health Geogr. 2015 Jun 6;14:20. doi: 10.1186/s12942-015-0013-9. Int J Health Geogr. 2015. PMID: 26047813 Free PMC article. - Priorities for the elimination of sleeping sickness.
Welburn SC, Maudlin I. Welburn SC, et al. Adv Parasitol. 2012;79:299-337. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-398457-9.00004-4. Adv Parasitol. 2012. PMID: 22726645 Review. - Clinical and Neuropathogenetic Aspects of Human African Trypanosomiasis.
Kennedy PGE, Rodgers J. Kennedy PGE, et al. Front Immunol. 2019 Jan 25;10:39. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00039. eCollection 2019. Front Immunol. 2019. PMID: 30740102 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
- Development and implementation of a strategy for intensified screening for gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in Kongo Central province, DRC.
Lumbala C, Kayembe S, Makabuza J, Lutumba P, Van Geertruyden JP, Bessell PR, Ndung'u JM. Lumbala C, et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Oct 15;14(10):e0008779. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008779. eCollection 2020 Oct. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020. PMID: 33057341 Free PMC article. - Monitoring the Progress towards the Elimination of Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis.
Simarro PP, Cecchi G, Franco JR, Paone M, Diarra A, Priotto G, Mattioli RC, Jannin JG. Simarro PP, et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jun 9;9(6):e0003785. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003785. eCollection 2015. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015. PMID: 26056823 Free PMC article. - Tsetse fly (G. f. fuscipes) distribution in the Lake Victoria basin of Uganda.
Albert M, Wardrop NA, Atkinson PM, Torr SJ, Welburn SC. Albert M, et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Apr 15;9(4):e0003705. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003705. eCollection 2015 Apr. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015. PMID: 25875201 Free PMC article. - A volatile sex attractant of tsetse flies.
Ebrahim SAM, Dweck HKM, Weiss BL, Carlson JR. Ebrahim SAM, et al. Science. 2023 Feb 17;379(6633):eade1877. doi: 10.1126/science.ade1877. Epub 2023 Feb 17. Science. 2023. PMID: 36795837 Free PMC article. - Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa.
Idro R, Ogwang R, Barragan A, Raimondo JV, Masocha W. Idro R, et al. Front Immunol. 2022 Feb 10;13:791488. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.791488. eCollection 2022. Front Immunol. 2022. PMID: 35222377 Free PMC article. Review.
References
- WHO (1998) Control and surveillance of African trypanosomiasis. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_881.pdf. - PubMed
- WHO (2002) WHO programme to eliminate sleeping sickness - Building a global alliance. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/WHO_CDS_CSR_EPH_2002.13.pdf.
- WHO (2012) Accelerating work to overcome neglected tropical diseases: a roadmap for implementation. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2012/WHO_HTM_NTD_2012.1_eng.pdf.
- WHO (1986) Epidemiology and control of African trypanosomiasis. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_739.pdf. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources