Dietary oil composition differentially modulates intestinal endotoxin transport and postprandial endotoxemia - PubMed (original) (raw)

Dietary oil composition differentially modulates intestinal endotoxin transport and postprandial endotoxemia

Venkatesh Mani et al. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2013.

Abstract

Background: Intestinal derived endotoxin and the subsequent endotoxemia can be considered major predisposing factors for diseases such as atherosclerosis, sepsis, obesity and diabetes. Dietary fat has been shown to increase postprandial endotoxemia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary oils on intestinal endotoxin transport and postprandial endotoxemia using swine as a model. We hypothesized that oils rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) would augment, while oils rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) would attenuate intestinal endotoxin transport and circulating concentrations.

Methods: Postprandial endotoxemia was measured in twenty four pigs following a porridge meal made with either water (Control), fish oil (FO), vegetable oil (VO) or coconut oil (CO). Blood was collected at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 hours postprandial and measured for endotoxin. Furthermore, ex vivo ileum endotoxin transport was assessed using modified Ussing chambers and intestines were treated with either no oil or 12.5% (v/v) VO, FO, cod liver oil (CLO), CO or olive oil (OO). Ex vivo mucosal to serosal endotoxin transport permeability (Papp) was then measured by the addition of fluorescent labeled-lipopolysaccharide.

Results: Postprandial serum endotoxin concentrations were increased after a meal rich in saturated fatty acids and decreased with higher n-3 PUFA intake. Compared to the no oil control, fish oil and CLO which are rich in n-3 fatty acids reduced ex vivo endotoxin Papp by 50% (P < 0.05). Contrarily, saturated fatty acids increased the Papp by 60% (P = 0.008). Olive and vegetable oils did not alter intestinal endotoxin Papp.

Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that saturated and n-3 PUFA differentially regulate intestinal epithelial endotoxin transport. This may be associated with fatty acid regulation of intestinal membrane lipid raft mediated permeability.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Dietary oil alters postprandial serum endotoxin concentrations in pigs fed a single dietary oil-based meal. A) Delta change in serum endotoxin concentrations. B) Mean postprandial serum endotoxin concentration. Different letters (a,b) represent significant difference at P < 0.05. Treatments are a porridge meal made with either no oil (saline), fish oil (FO), vegetable oil (VO) and coconut oil (CO). n = 6 pigs/treatment. Data are means ± S.E.M.

Figure 2

Figure 2

The effect of increasing porcine bile acid concentration on ex vivo intestinal integrity and permeability. A) Transepithelial resistance (TER) and B) FITC-Dextran transport (4.4 kDa). Freshly isolated ileum samples were mounted into modified Ussing chambers and incubated with the indicated concentration of bile acid for 30 minutes and then FITC-Dextran was added to mucosal side. Permeation coefficient was calculated by taking samples from chambers every 10–15 minutes and measuring the amount of fluorescence. Different letters represent significant difference at P < 0.05. n = 11 pigs. Data are means ± S.E.M.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Ex vivo endotoxin transport in pig ileum tissue exposed to different dietary oil treatments. Freshly isolated ileum samples were mounted into modified Ussing chambers and mixed with the indicated oils and 20 mM bile acid for 120 minutes and FITC-LPS transport was measured. Different letters represent significant difference at P < 0.05. n = 11 per treatment. Data are means ± S.E.M.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Lipid raft modifier methyl beta cyclodextrin (MβCD) decreases ex vivo endotoxin transport. A) Endotoxin transport and B) transepithelial resistance was measured using Ussing chambers in ileum tissues treated with either control (water), MβCD, coconut oil, or coconut oil plus MβCD. Tissue (n = 7 /trt) were pretreated with these treatments for 30 min before FITC-LPS transport was assessed. Different letters represent significant difference at P < 0.05. Data are means ± S.E.M.

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