Environment and the inflammatory bowel diseases - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Environment and the inflammatory bowel diseases

Alexandra Frolkis et al. Can J Gastroenterol. 2013 Mar.

Abstract

in English, French

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which consists of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. In genetically susceptible individuals, the interaction between environmental factors and normal intestinal commensal flora is believed to lead to an inappropriate immune response that results in chronic inflammation. The incidence of IBD have increased in the past century in developed and developing countries. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge of the association between environmental risk factors and IBD. A number of environmental risk factors were investigated including smoking, hygiene, microorganisms, oral contraceptives, antibiotics, diet, breastfeeding, geographical factors, pollution and stress. Inconsistent findings among the studies highlight the complex pathogenesis of IBD. Additional studies are necessary to identify and elucidate the role of environmental factors in IBD etiology.

Les maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin (MII), qui incluent la maladie de Crohn et la colite ulcéreuse, sont des maladies inflammatoires chroniques du tube digestif. Chez les personnes qui y sont génétiquement susceptibles, on pense que l’interaction entre les facteurs environnementaux et la flore commensale intestinale normale entraîne une réponse immunitaire inadéquate qui suscite une inflammation chronique. L’incidence de MII a augmenté depuis un siècle dans les pays industrialisés et les pays en développement. La présente analyse vise à résumer les connaissances actuelles sur l’association entre les facteurs de risque environnementaux et les MII. Les chercheurs ont exploré plusieurs facteurs de risque environnementaux, y compris le tabagisme, l’hygiène, les microorganismes, les contraceptifs oraux, les antibiotiques, le régime, l’allaitement, les facteurs géographiques, la pollution et le stress. Les résultats contradictoires entre les études font ressortir la pathogenèse complexe des MII. D’autres études s’imposent pour déterminer et clarifier le rôle des facteurs environnementaux dans l’étiologie des MII.

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