Exercise and caloric restriction alter the immune system of mice submitted to a high-fat diet - PubMed (original) (raw)

Exercise and caloric restriction alter the immune system of mice submitted to a high-fat diet

Frederick Wasinski et al. Mediators Inflamm. 2013.

Abstract

As the size of adipocytes increases during obesity, the establishment of resident immune cells in adipose tissue becomes an important source of proinflammatory mediators. Exercise and caloric restriction are two important, nonpharmacological tools against body mass increase. To date, their effects on the immune cells of adipose tissue in obese organisms, specifically when a high-fat diet is consumed, have been poorly investigated. Thus, after consuming a high-fat diet, mice were submitted to chronic swimming training or a 30% caloric restriction in order to investigate the effects of both interventions on resident immune cells in adipose tissue. These strategies were able to reduce body mass and resulted in changes in the number of resident immune cells in the adipose tissue and levels of cytokines/chemokines in serum. While exercise increased the number of NK cells in adipose tissue and serum levels of IL-6 and RANTES, caloric restriction increased the CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio and MCP-1 levels. Together, these data demonstrated that exercise and caloric restriction modulate resident immune cells in adipose tissues differently in spite of an equivalent body weight reduction. Additionally, the results also reinforce the idea that a combination of both strategies is better than either individually for combating obesity.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

(a) Weekly caloric intake of animals subjected to the control diet (LF), high-fat diet (HF), high-fat diet with exercise (HFEX 60′), and high-fat diet with 30% food restriction (HFREST). (b) Mouse body weights (g). (c) Relative weight of IAT (inguinal adipose tissue). (d) Relative weight of BAT (brown adipose tissue). Mean ± SEM, n = 5 mice per group. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Cytokine concentrations (pg/mL) in mouse serum subjected to control diet (LF, n = 12), high-fat diet (HF, n = 12), high-fat diet with exercise 60′ (HFEX 60′, n = 8), and high-fat diet with 30% food restriction (HFREST, n = 8). (a) IL-1_β_, (b) TNF-α, (c) IL-6, (d) RANTES, and (e) MCP-1. Mean ± SEM. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Quantification of cells expressing CD4, CD8, NK1.1, and F4/80 (macrophage) in inguinal adipose tissue of mice subjected to control diet (LF), high-fat diet (HF), high-fat diet with exercise (HFEX 60′), and high-fat diet with 30% food restriction (HFREST). (a) CD4 cells, (b) CD8 cells, (c) NK1.1 cells, (d) F4/80 cells, and (e) ratio of CD4/CD8. Mean ± SEM, n = 5 mice per group. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Glucose tolerance test in mouse subjected to control diet (LF), high-fat diet (HF), high-fat diet with exercise 60′ (HFEX 60′), and high-fat diet with 30% food restriction (HFREST). The glucose levels of LF were different from the other groups at time 0, 30, and 60 minutes (P < .05). Mean ± SEM, n = 5 mice per group (+ P < 0.05, HFEX 60′ versus HFREST; *P < 0.05, HF versus HFREST).

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