Poverty and language development: roles of parenting and stress - PubMed (original) (raw)
Poverty and language development: roles of parenting and stress
Suzanne C Perkins et al. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2013 Apr.
Abstract
Socioeconomic status affects a variety of mental and physical health outcomes, such as language development. Indeed, with poverty, disparities in the development of language processing are arguably among the most consistently found- with decreases in vocabulary, phonological awareness, and syntax at many different developmental stages. In this review, after considering basic brain systems affected by low socioeconomic status that are important for language development and related peripartum issues, we focus on two theoretical models that link poverty with the brain systems affected in language problems. The family stress model connects poverty with parental emotional distress that affects parenting, whereas the parental investment model involves a focus on basic needs that affects children's language. Understanding the mechanisms through which poverty affects the brain, parenting behaviors and language development may have implications for identification and treatment of individuals as well as social policy.
Keywords: Childhood poverty; brain networks; developmental neuroscience; language; low socioeconomic status (SES); parenting; social health disparities; stress.
Figures
FIGURE 1
Conceptual pathways linking the experience of low-socioeconomic status (SES) during childhood with language-related physiology of the adult brain via either parenting (upper) or chronic stress (lower). We postulate that auditory (perisylvian), visual word finding areas (VWFA) and anterior inferior frontal cortex would be most affected by parenting, while emotion processing in amygdala and hippocampus as well as connected regulation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) would be most affected by chronic stress. Parenting and chronic stress interact with each other as well.
Similar articles
- Family pediatrics: report of the Task Force on the Family.
Schor EL; American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on the Family. Schor EL, et al. Pediatrics. 2003 Jun;111(6 Pt 2):1541-71. Pediatrics. 2003. PMID: 12777595 - Poverty dynamics and parental mental health: Determinants of childhood mental health in the UK.
Fitzsimons E, Goodman A, Kelly E, Smith JP. Fitzsimons E, et al. Soc Sci Med. 2017 Feb;175:43-51. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.12.040. Epub 2016 Dec 28. Soc Sci Med. 2017. PMID: 28056382 Free PMC article. - Introduction to the Special Focus: The Affective Neuroscience of Poverty.
Nusslock R, Farah MJ. Nusslock R, et al. J Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Sep 1;34(10):1806-1809. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01899. J Cogn Neurosci. 2022. PMID: 35900870 - Integrating Health Care Strategies to Prevent Poverty-Related Disparities in Development and Growth: Addressing Core Outcomes of Early Childhood.
Gross RS, Messito MJ, Klass P, Canfield CF, Yin HS, Morris PA, Shaw DS, Dreyer BP, Mendelsohn AL. Gross RS, et al. Acad Pediatr. 2021 Nov-Dec;21(8S):S161-S168. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.04.005. Acad Pediatr. 2021. PMID: 34740424 Free PMC article. Review. - Socioeconomic status and the developing brain.
Hackman DA, Farah MJ. Hackman DA, et al. Trends Cogn Sci. 2009 Feb;13(2):65-73. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2008.11.003. Epub 2009 Jan 8. Trends Cogn Sci. 2009. PMID: 19135405 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
- Socioeconomic Status and Reading Development: Moving from "Deficit" to "Adaptation" in Neurobiological Models of Experience-Dependent Learning.
Taylor EK, Abdurokhmonova G, Romeo RR. Taylor EK, et al. Mind Brain Educ. 2023 Nov;17(4):324-333. doi: 10.1111/mbe.12351. Epub 2023 Mar 15. Mind Brain Educ. 2023. PMID: 38148924 Free PMC article. - Language learning, socioeconomic status, and child-directed speech.
Schwab JF, Lew-Williams C. Schwab JF, et al. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2016 Jul;7(4):264-75. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1393. Epub 2016 May 19. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci. 2016. PMID: 27196418 Free PMC article. Review. - Occlusal Disharmony-A Potential Factor Promoting Depression in a Rat Model.
Zhang S, Wu L, Zhang M, He K, Wang X, Lin Y, Li S, Chen J. Zhang S, et al. Brain Sci. 2022 Jun 7;12(6):747. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12060747. Brain Sci. 2022. PMID: 35741632 Free PMC article. - Parent Time Investments in their Children's Learning during a Policy-Mandated Shutdown: Parent, Child, and Household Influences.
Singletary B, Justice L, Baker SC, Lin TJ, Purtell KM, Schmeer KK. Singletary B, et al. Early Child Res Q. 2022 3rd Quarter;60:250-261. doi: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.12.014. Epub 2022 Mar 16. Early Child Res Q. 2022. PMID: 35874171 Free PMC article. - Exploring the Life Course Perspective in Maternal and Child Health through Community-Based Participatory Focus Groups: Social Risks Assessment.
Salinas-Miranda AA, King LM, Salihu HM, Berry E, Austin D, Nash S, Scarborough K, Best E, Cox L, King G, Hepburn C, Burpee C, Richardson E, Ducket M, Briscoe R, Baldwin J. Salinas-Miranda AA, et al. J Health Dispar Res Pract. 2017 Spring;10(1):143-166. J Health Dispar Res Pract. 2017. PMID: 29780663 Free PMC article.
References
- Singh-Manoux A. Socioeconomic trajectories across the life course and health outcomes in midlife: evidence for the accumulation hypothesis? Int J Epidemiol. 2004;33:1072–1079. - PubMed
- Whitehurst GJ. Language processing in context: language learning in children reared in poverty. In: Adamson LB, Romsky MA, editors. Research on Communication and Language Disorders: Contribution to Theories of Language Development. Baltimore, MD: Brookes; 1997. pp. 233–266.
- Hoff E, Tian C. Socioeconomic status and cultural influences on language. J Commun Disord. 2005;38:271–278. - PubMed
- Noble K, McCandliss BD, Farah MJ. Socioeconomic gradients predict individual differences in neurocognitive abilities. Dev Sci. 2007;10:464. - PubMed
- Evans GW. Child development and the physical environment. Annu Rev Psychol. 2006;57:423–451. - PubMed
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources