Effects of an intensive short-term diet and exercise intervention: comparison between normal-weight and obese children - PubMed (original) (raw)

Comparative Study

Effects of an intensive short-term diet and exercise intervention: comparison between normal-weight and obese children

Christian K Roberts et al. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2013 Sep.

Abstract

Lifestyle intervention programs currently emphasize weight loss secondary to obesity as the primary determinant of phenotypic changes. We examined whether the effects of a short-term lifestyle intervention program differ in normal-weight versus overweight/obese children. Nineteen overweight/obese (O; BMI = 33.6 ± 1.9 kg/m(2)) and 14 normal-weight (N; BMI = 19.9 ± 1.5 kg/m(2)) children participated in a 2-wk program consisting of an ad libitum high-fiber, low-fat diet and daily exercise (2-2.5 h). Fasting serum samples were taken pre- and postintervention for determination of lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines. Only the O group lost weight (3.9%) but remained overweight/obese (32.3 ± 1.9 kg/m(2)). Both groups exhibited significant intervention-induced decreases (P < 0.05) in serum insulin (N: 52.5% vs. O: 28.1%; between groups, P = 0.38), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (N: 53.1% vs. O: 28.4%, P = 0.43), leptin (N: 69.3% vs. O: 44.1%, P = 0.10), amylin (N: 28.7% vs. O: 26.1%, P = 0.80), resistin (N: 40.0% vs. O: 35.1%, P = 0.99), plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 (N: 30.8% vs. O: 25.6%, P = 0.59), IL-6 (N: 58.8% vs. O: 48.5%, P = 0.78), IL-8 (N: 46.0% vs. O: 42.2%, P = 0.49), and TNFα (N: 45.8% vs. O: 40.8%, P = 0.99). No associations between indices of weight change and phenotypic changes were noted. A short-term, intensive lifestyle modification program is effective in ameliorating metabolic risk factors in N and O children. These results suggest that obesity per se was not the primary driver of the phenotypes noted and that dietary intake and physical inactivity induce the phenotypic abnormalities. These data may have implications for the weight loss-independent management of cardiometabolic risk in pediatric populations.

Keywords: cytokines; metabolic; nutrition; physical activity.

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Figures

Fig. 1.

Effect of diet and exercise intervention on serum concentration of the cytokines IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, IL-10, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in normal-weight (filled bars) and obese children (open bars). All data are expressed as means ± SE. ‡P < 0.01 and *P < 0.05, postintervention (post) vs. preintervention (pre). †P < 0.05, baseline differences between the normal-weight and obese groups. The baseline difference between normal-weight and obese group for IL-10 was P = 0.12.

Fig. 2.

Effect of diet and exercise intervention on serum concentration of the metabolic risk markers plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin, adiponectin (ACRP), leptin, and amylin in normal-weight (filled bars) and obese (open bars) children. All data are expressed as means ± SE. ‡P < 0.01, post- vs. preintervention; †P < 0.05, baseline differences between the normal-weight and obese groups.

Fig. 3.

Effect of diet and exercise intervention on %changes in concentration of cytokines and metabolic risk markers in normal-weight and obese children. No differences in changes between normal-weight and obese groups were noted post- vs. preintervention. %Changes from baseline were calculated based on the geometric mean. All data are expressed as means. Error bars represent the 95% confidence interval.

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Effects of an intensive short-term diet and exercise intervention: comparison between normal-weight and obese children - PubMed (original) (raw)