Through the dark continent: African trypanosome development in the tsetse fly - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Through the dark continent: African trypanosome development in the tsetse fly

Brice Rotureau et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2013.

Abstract

African trypanosomes are unicellular flagellated parasites causing trypanosomiases in Africa, a group of severe diseases also known as sleeping sickness in human and nagana in cattle. These parasites are almost exclusively transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly. In this review, we describe and compare the three developmental programs of the main trypanosome species impacting human and animal health, with focus on the most recent observations. From here, some reflections are made on research issues concerning trypanosome developmental biology in the tsetse fly that are to be addressed in the future.

Keywords: African trypanosomes; development; parasite cycle; tsetse fly; vector.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

The three types of African trypanosome development in the tsetse fly. (A) T. vivax group. (B) T. congolense group. (C) T. brucei group. Parasite paths in the tsetse digestive tract are schematically presented in the left panel [adapted from (Hoare, 1972)]. Successive parasite stages found in the different organs are presented in a chronological order in the right panel [adapted from (Hoare, ; Peacock et al., , ; Rotureau et al., 2012)]. * indicate proliferating stages and ? indicate an uncertainty with respect to the type of division and/or the transitional forms involved at this stage of development. Pr: proboscis, FG: foregut, Pv: proventriculus, PM: peritrophic matrix, MG: midgut, HG: hindgut, R: rectum, Hx: hypopharynx, SG: salivary glands, SL: slender trypomastigote, ST: stumpy trypomastigote, PC: procyclic trypomastigote, MS: mesocyclic trypomastigote, DE: long dividing epimastigote, SE: short epimastigote, AE: attached epimastigote, ET: epi-trypo dividing epimastigote, pMT: pre-metacyclic trypomastigote, MT: metacyclic trypomastigote.

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