Molecular research in penile cancer-lessons learned from the past and bright horizons of the future? - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Molecular research in penile cancer-lessons learned from the past and bright horizons of the future?

Chris Protzel et al. Int J Mol Sci. 2013.

Abstract

Penile cancer is a rare tumor. There is a limited understanding of the biological mediators of prognostic and therapeutic importance in penile cancer. However, there exists some fundamental understanding of the major pathways involved in the development of penile pre-neoplastic lesions and neoplasms. The aim of the present review is to highlight our current state of molecular knowledge in penile cancer to foster the necessary tools for researchers to pave major advancements in our current treatment paradigms and cancer specific outcomes.

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Figures

Figure 1

Schematic diagram illustrating molecular pathways implicated in penile cancer (diagram has been modified and replicated with the explicit permission of Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs; “Emerging apoptosis agonists for bladder cancer”; Protzel, C.; Hakenberg, O.W. 2009, 14, 607–618).

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