Allopurinol hypersensitivity is primarily mediated by dose-dependent oxypurinol-specific T cell response - PubMed (original) (raw)
. 2013 Nov;43(11):1246-55.
doi: 10.1111/cea.12184.
Affiliations
- PMID: 24152157
- DOI: 10.1111/cea.12184
Allopurinol hypersensitivity is primarily mediated by dose-dependent oxypurinol-specific T cell response
J Yun et al. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013 Nov.
Abstract
Background: Allopurinol is a main cause of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR). How allopurinol induces hypersensitivity remains unknown. Pre-disposing factors are the presence of the HLA-B*58:01 allele, renal failure and possibly the dose taken.
Objective: Using an in vitro model, we sought to decipher the relationship among allopurinol metabolism, HLA-B*58:01 phenotype and drug concentrations in stimulating drug-specific T cells.
Methods: Lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) results of patients who had developed allopurinol hypersensitivity were analysed. We generated allopurinol or oxypurinol-specific T cell lines (ALP/OXP-TCLs) from allopurinol naïve HLA-B*58:01(+) and HLA-B*58:01(-) individuals using various drug concentrations. Their reactivity patterns were analysed by flow cytometry and (51) Cr release assay.
Results: Allopurinol allergic patients are primarily sensitized to oxypurinol in a dose-dependent manner. TCL induction data show that both the presence of HLA-B*58:01 allele and high concentration of drug are important for the generation of drug-specific T cells. The predominance of oxypurinol-specific lymphocyte response in allopurinol allergic patients can be explained by the rapid conversion of allopurinol to oxypurinol in vivo rather than to its intrinsic immunogenicity. OXP-TCLs do not recognize allopurinol and vice versa. Finally, functional avidity of ALP/OXP-TCL is dependent on both the induction dose and HLA-B*58:01 status.
Conclusions and clinical relevance: This study establishes the important synergistic role of drug concentration and HLA-B*58:01 allele in the allopurinol or oxypurinol-specific T cell responses. Despite the prevailing dogma that Type B adverse drug reactions are dose independent, allopurinol hypersensitivity is primarily driven by oxypurinol-specific T cell response in a dose-dependent manner, particular in the presence of HLA-B*58:01 allele.
Keywords: HLA; HLA-B*58:01; T cells; allopurinol; avidity; dose; drug hypersensitivity; oxypurinol; severe cutaneous adverse reaction.
© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Comment in
- Advances in our understanding of drug hypersensitivity.
Brockow K. Brockow K. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013 Nov;43(11):1200-1. doi: 10.1111/cea.12193. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013. PMID: 24152152 No abstract available.
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