Assessment of an oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine and an inactivated M. bovis preparation for wild boar in terms of adverse reactions, vaccine strain survival, and uptake by nontarget species - PubMed (original) (raw)

doi: 10.1128/CVI.00488-13. Epub 2013 Oct 30.

Beatriz Romero, Iker A Sevilla, Jose A Barasona, Joseba M Garrido, David González-Barrio, Iratxe Díez-Delgado, Esmeralda Minguijón, Carmen Casal, Joaquín Vicente, Christian Gortázar, Alicia Aranaz

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Assessment of an oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine and an inactivated M. bovis preparation for wild boar in terms of adverse reactions, vaccine strain survival, and uptake by nontarget species

Beatriz Beltrán-Beck et al. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2014 Jan.

Abstract

Wildlife vaccination is increasingly being considered as an option for tuberculosis control. We combined data from laboratory trials and an ongoing field trial to assess the risk of an oral Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine and a prototype heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis preparation for Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa). We studied adverse reactions, BCG survival, BCG excretion, and bait uptake by nontarget species. No adverse reactions were observed after administration of BCG (n = 27) or inactivated M. bovis (n = 21). BCG was not found at necropsy (175 to 300 days postvaccination [n = 27]). No BCG excretion was detected in fecal samples (n = 162) or in urine or nasal, oral, or fecal swab samples at 258 days postvaccination (n = 29). In the field, we found no evidence of loss of BCG viability in baits collected after 36 h (temperature range, 11°C to 41°C). Camera trapping showed that wild boar (39%) and birds (56%) were the most frequent visitors to bait stations (selective feeders). Wild boar activity patterns were nocturnal, while diurnal activities were recorded for all bird species. We found large proportions of chewed capsules (29%) (likely ingestion of the vaccine) and lost baits (39%) (presumably consumed), and the proportion of chewed capsules showed a positive correlation with the presence of wild boar. Both results suggest proper bait consumption (68%). These results indicate that BCG vaccination in wild boar is safe and that, while bait consumption by other species is possible, this can be minimized by using selective cages and strict timing of bait deployment.

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Figures

FIG 1

FIG 1

Examples of the outcomes of the baits and vaccine capsules in the field, i.e., consumed baits but untouched capsules with vaccine left (left), intact baits (center), and consumed baits with chewed capsules, indicating likely ingestion of vaccine (right).

FIG 2

FIG 2

Maximum and minimum hourly temperatures (T) and average temperatures recorded by the data loggers from 6 July 2012 to 6 September 2012. Temperatures reached a maximum of 48°C at 6:00 p.m. and a minimum of 4.52°C at 8:00 a.m. The average for the 2 months was 21.97°C.

FIG 3

FIG 3

Presence of various species at the feeders. The presence of each species at the feeders was evaluated as the total number of positive minutes in relation to the presence (PMP) of the species detected by the infrared radiation-triggered cameras. Results show total PMP obtained every hour at the 46 feeders during the 9 days. Wild boar (WB) activity began almost at the same time that bird activity ended.

References

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