Alternate day fasting for weight loss in normal weight and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial - PubMed (original) (raw)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Alternate day fasting for weight loss in normal weight and overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial
Krista A Varady et al. Nutr J. 2013.
Abstract
Background: Alternate day fasting (ADF; ad libitum "feed day", alternated with 25% energy intake "fast day"), is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection in obese individuals. Whether these effects occur in normal weight and overweight individuals remains unknown. This study examined the effect of ADF on body weight and coronary heart disease risk in non-obese subjects.
Methods: Thirty-two subjects (BMI 20-29.9 kg/m2) were randomized to either an ADF group or a control group for 12 weeks.
Results: Body weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 5.2 ± 0.9 kg (6.5 ± 1.0%) in the ADF group, relative to the control group, by week 12. Fat mass was reduced (P < 0.001) by 3.6 ± 0.7 kg, and fat free mass did not change, versus controls. Triacylglycerol concentrations decreased (20 ± 8%, P < 0.05) and LDL particle size increased (4 ± 1 Å, P < 0.01) in the ADF group relative to controls. CRP decreased (13 ± 17%, P < 0.05) in the ADF group relative to controls at week 12. Plasma adiponectin increased (6 ± 10%, P < 0.01) while leptin decreased (40 ± 7%, P < 0.05) in the ADF group versus controls by the end of the study. LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, homocysteine and resistin concentrations remained unchanged after 12 weeks of treatment.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that ADF is effective for weight loss and cardio-protection in normal weight and overweight adults, though further research implementing larger sample sizes is required before solid conclusion can be reached.
Figures
Figure 1
Study flow chart. ADF: Alternate day fasting.
Figure 2
Body weight and body composition changes at week 12. Values reported as mean ± SEM. ADF: Alternate day fasting. *Body weight and fat mass significantly different (P < 0.001) from the control group at week 12 (Independent samples _t_-test). No difference between groups for fat free mass at week 12 (Independent samples _t_-test).
Similar articles
- Short-term modified alternate-day fasting: a novel dietary strategy for weight loss and cardioprotection in obese adults.
Varady KA, Bhutani S, Church EC, Klempel MC. Varady KA, et al. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Nov;90(5):1138-43. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28380. Epub 2009 Sep 30. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009. PMID: 19793855 - Improvements in coronary heart disease risk indicators by alternate-day fasting involve adipose tissue modulations.
Bhutani S, Klempel MC, Berger RA, Varady KA. Bhutani S, et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Nov;18(11):2152-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2010.54. Epub 2010 Mar 18. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010. PMID: 20300080 Clinical Trial. - Alternate day fasting (ADF) with a high-fat diet produces similar weight loss and cardio-protection as ADF with a low-fat diet.
Klempel MC, Kroeger CM, Varady KA. Klempel MC, et al. Metabolism. 2013 Jan;62(1):137-43. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Aug 11. Metabolism. 2013. PMID: 22889512 Clinical Trial. - Intermittent fasting vs daily calorie restriction for type 2 diabetes prevention: a review of human findings.
Barnosky AR, Hoddy KK, Unterman TG, Varady KA. Barnosky AR, et al. Transl Res. 2014 Oct;164(4):302-11. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.05.013. Epub 2014 Jun 12. Transl Res. 2014. PMID: 24993615 Review. - Intermittent Fasting and Sleep: A Review of Human Trials.
McStay M, Gabel K, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, Lin S, Varady KA. McStay M, et al. Nutrients. 2021 Oct 1;13(10):3489. doi: 10.3390/nu13103489. Nutrients. 2021. PMID: 34684490 Free PMC article. Review.
Cited by
- Effects of eight weeks of time-restricted feeding (16/8) on basal metabolism, maximal strength, body composition, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors in resistance-trained males.
Moro T, Tinsley G, Bianco A, Marcolin G, Pacelli QF, Battaglia G, Palma A, Gentil P, Neri M, Paoli A. Moro T, et al. J Transl Med. 2016 Oct 13;14(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-1044-0. J Transl Med. 2016. PMID: 27737674 Free PMC article. Clinical Trial. - Intermittent Energy Restriction, Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Critical Appraisal of Evidence in Humans.
Katsarou AL, Katsilambros NL, Koliaki CC. Katsarou AL, et al. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Apr 22;9(5):495. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9050495. Healthcare (Basel). 2021. PMID: 33922103 Free PMC article. Review. - Epigenetic mechanisms in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
Landgrave-Gómez J, Mercado-Gómez O, Guevara-Guzmán R. Landgrave-Gómez J, et al. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015 Feb 27;9:58. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00058. eCollection 2015. Front Cell Neurosci. 2015. PMID: 25774124 Free PMC article. Review. - Alternate day fasting on subjective feelings of appetite and body weight for adults with overweight or obesity: a systematic review.
Kucuk B, Berg RC. Kucuk B, et al. J Nutr Sci. 2022 Oct 31;11:e94. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.90. eCollection 2022. J Nutr Sci. 2022. PMID: 36405095 Free PMC article. Review. - Fad Diets: Hype or Hope?
Kuchkuntla AR, Limketkai B, Nanda S, Hurt RT, Mundi MS. Kuchkuntla AR, et al. Curr Nutr Rep. 2018 Dec;7(4):310-323. doi: 10.1007/s13668-018-0242-1. Curr Nutr Rep. 2018. PMID: 30168044 Review.
References
- Varady KA, Hellerstein MK. Alternate-day fasting and chronic disease prevention: a review of human and animal trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:7–13. - PubMed
- Bhutani S, Klempel MC, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Varady KA. Alternate day fasting and endurance exercise combine to reduce body weight and favorably alter plasma lipids in obese humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013. Epub ahead of print. - PubMed
- Heilbronn LK, Smith SR, Martin CK, Anton SD, Ravussin E. Alternate-day fasting in nonobese subjects: effects on body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:69–73. - PubMed
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical
Research Materials
Miscellaneous