Tendon cell ciliary length as a biomarker of in situ cytoskeletal tensional homeostasis - PubMed (original) (raw)

. 2013 Aug 11;3(3):118-21.

eCollection 2013 Jul.

Affiliations

• PMID: 24367770
• PMCID: PMC3838319

Tendon cell ciliary length as a biomarker of in situ cytoskeletal tensional homeostasis

Michael Lavagnino et al. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2013.

Abstract

To determine if tendon cell ciliary length could be used as a biomarker of cytoskeletal tensional homeostasis, 20 mm long adult rat tail tendons were placed in double artery clamps set 18 mm apart to create a 10% laxity. The tendons were allowed to contract over a 7 day period under culture conditions. At 0, 1, 5, and 7 days the tendon cell cilia were stained and ciliary length measured using confocal imaging. There was a significant (p<0.001) increase in ciliary length at 1 day. At day 5 (when the tendon became visibly taut) there was a significant (p<0.001) decrease in ciliary length compared to day 1. By day 7 the tendon remained taut and ciliary length returned to day zero values (p=0.883). These results suggest that cilia length reflects the local mechanobiological environment of tendon cells and could be used as a potential in situ biomarker of altered cytoskeletal tensional homeostasis.

Keywords: cilia; marker; recalibration; tendon; tensional homeostasis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.

Confocal images of in situ tendon cells with associated nuclei (DAPI) and cilia (Tubulin Tracker Green) from tendons allowed to freely contract between clamps at Day 0, Day 1, Day 5, and Day 7 with the tendon remaining lax at Day 1, but visibly taut at Day 5 and Day 7.

Figure 2.

Graph showing the average cilia length of in situ tendon cells from tendons allowed to freely contract between clamps at A) Day 0, B) Day 1, C) Day 5, and D) Day 7 with the tendon remaining lax at Day 1, but visibly taut at Day 5 and Day 7. Lines above bars indicate significantly different values, p<0.05.

Similar articles

• Crimp length decreases in lax tendons due to cytoskeletal tension, but is restored with tensional homeostasis.
  Lavagnino M, Brooks AE, Oslapas AN, Gardner KL, Arnoczky SP. Lavagnino M, et al. J Orthop Res. 2017 Mar;35(3):573-579. doi: 10.1002/jor.23489. Epub 2016 Dec 14. J Orthop Res. 2017. PMID: 27878991
• Re-establishment of cytoskeletal tensional homeostasis in lax tendons occurs through an actin-mediated cellular contraction of the extracellular matrix.
  Gardner K, Lavagnino M, Egerbacher M, Arnoczky SP. Gardner K, et al. J Orthop Res. 2012 Nov;30(11):1695-701. doi: 10.1002/jor.22131. Epub 2012 Apr 19. J Orthop Res. 2012. PMID: 22517354
• In vitro alterations in cytoskeletal tensional homeostasis control gene expression in tendon cells.
  Lavagnino M, Arnoczky SP. Lavagnino M, et al. J Orthop Res. 2005 Sep;23(5):1211-8. doi: 10.1016/j.orthres.2005.04.001. J Orthop Res. 2005. PMID: 15908162
• Tensional homeostasis at different length scales.
  Stamenović D , Smith ML . Stamenović D , et al. Soft Matter. 2020 Aug 14;16(30):6946-6963. doi: 10.1039/d0sm00763c. Epub 2020 Jul 22. Soft Matter. 2020. PMID: 32696799 Review.
• Metabolism of proteoglycans in tendon.
  Rees SG, Dent CM, Caterson B. Rees SG, et al. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009 Aug;19(4):470-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00938.x. Epub 2009 Apr 13. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009. PMID: 19422635 Review.

Cited by

• Mechanical loading induces primary cilia disassembly in tendon cells via TGFβ and HDAC6.
  Rowson DT, Shelton JC, Screen HRC, Knight MM. Rowson DT, et al. Sci Rep. 2018 Jul 23;8(1):11107. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29502-7. Sci Rep. 2018. PMID: 30038235 Free PMC article.
• Tendinopathy and tendon material response to load: What we can learn from small animal studies.
  Williamson PM, Freedman BR, Kwok N, Beeram I, Pennings J, Johnson J, Hamparian D, Cohen E, Galloway JL, Ramappa AJ, DeAngelis JP, Nazarian A. Williamson PM, et al. Acta Biomater. 2021 Oct 15;134:43-56. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.046. Epub 2021 Jul 27. Acta Biomater. 2021. PMID: 34325074 Free PMC article. Review.
• Primary Cilia in Cystic Kidney Disease.
  Avasthi P, Maser RL, Tran PV. Avasthi P, et al. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2017;60:281-321. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-51436-9_11. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2017. PMID: 28409350 Free PMC article. Review.
• Hypoxia inhibits primary cilia formation and reduces cell-mediated contraction in stress-deprived rat tail tendon fascicles.
  Lavagnino M, Oslapas AN, Gardner KL, Arnoczky SP. Lavagnino M, et al. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2016 Sep 17;6(2):193-197. doi: 10.11138/mltj/2016.6.2.193. eCollection 2016 Apr-Jun. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J. 2016. PMID: 27900292 Free PMC article.

References

1. 1. Brown RA, Prajapati R, McGrouther DA, Yannas IV, Eastwood M. Tensional homeostasis in dermal fibroblasts: mechanical responses to mechanical loading in three-dimensional substrates. J Cell Physiol. 1998;175(3):323–332. - PubMed
2. 1. Lavagnino M, Arnoczky SP. In vitro alterations in cytoskeletal tensional homeostasis control gene expression in tendon cells. J Orthop Res. 2005;23(5):1211–1218. - PubMed
3. 1. Gardner K, Lavagnino M, Egerbacher M, Arnoczky SP. Reestablishment of cytoskeletal tensional homeostasis in lax tendons occurs through an actin-mediated cellular contraction of the extracellular matrix. J Orthop Res. 2012;30(11):1695–1701. - PubMed
4. 1. Tresoldi I, Oliva F, Benvenuto M, Fantini M, Masuelli L, Bei R, Modesti A. Tendon’s ultrastructure. Muscles Ligaments Tendons Journal. 2013;3(1):2–6. - PMC - PubMed
5. 1. Lavagnino M, Arnoczky SP, Egerbacher M, Gardner KL, Burns ME. Isolated fibrillar damage in tendons stimulates local collagenase mRNA expression and protein synthesis. J Biomech. 2006;39(13):2355–2362. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources

• Full Text Sources

  • Europe PubMed Central
  • PubMed Central