Identification of specific corrinoids reveals corrinoid modification in dechlorinating microbial communities - PubMed (original) (raw)

Identification of specific corrinoids reveals corrinoid modification in dechlorinating microbial communities

Yujie Men et al. Environ Microbiol. 2015 Dec.

Abstract

Cobalamin and other corrinoids are essential cofactors for many organisms. The majority of microbes with corrinoid-dependent enzymes do not produce corrinoids de novo, and instead must acquire corrinoids produced by other organisms in their environment. However, the profile of corrinoids produced in corrinoid-dependent microbial communities, as well as the exchange and modification of corrinoids among community members have not been well studied. In this study, we applied a newly developed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based corrinoid detection method to examine relationships among corrinoids, their lower ligand bases and specific microbial groups in microbial communities containing Dehalococcoides mccartyi that has an obligate requirement for benzimidazole-containing corrinoids for trichloroethene respiration. We found that p-cresolylcobamide ([p-Cre]Cba) and cobalamin were the most abundant corrinoids in the communities. It suggests that members of the family Veillonellaceae are associated with the production of [p-Cre]Cba. The decrease of supernatant-associated [p-Cre]Cba and the increase of biomass-associated cobalamin were correlated with the growth of D. mccartyi by dechlorination. This supports the hypothesis that D. mccartyi is capable of fulfilling its corrinoid requirements in a community through corrinoid remodelling, in this case, by importing extracellular [p-Cre]Cba and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB) (the lower ligand of cobalamin), to produce cobalamin as a cofactor for dechlorination. This study also highlights the role of DMB, the lower ligand produced in all of the studied communities, in corrinoid remodelling. These findings provide novel insights on roles played by different phylogenetic groups in corrinoid production and corrinoid exchange within microbial communities. This study may also have implications for optimizing chlorinated solvent bioremediation.

© 2014 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Structures of corrinoids and lower ligand bases together with abbreviated designation. The names of the lower ligands are italicized and the abbreviation of each cobamide is given below. Cby: cobyric acid; Cbi: cobinamide; Cba: cobamide.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Corrinoid and benzimidazole lower ligand concentrations in B12-unamended (A) and B12-amended (B) enrichments at the end of 13–18 days’ subculturing cycle, error bars represents standard deviation, n=3 (1Abiotic control without exogenous vitamin B12; 2Abiotic control with 74 nM (c.a.100 µg/L) vitamin B12; Note: (A) and (B) share the same legend, but different y axis scales. Most of the cobalamin in SANASB12 was detected in the supernatant, while most corrinoids were detected in the cell pellets of the other enrichments. Lower ligands were mostly detected in the supernatant).

Figure 3

Figure 3

Temporal changes of [p-Cre]Cba, Cobalamin, and DMB in groundwater enrichments (A: LoTCE, B: LoTCEB12, C: HiTCE, D: HiTCEB12, E: NoTCE. ↓ indicates amendments of lactate and TCE, ↓ indicates amendment of lactate only, added amounts are according to Table 1. Note: Y-axis Scales in A, C, E are different from those in B & D).

Figure 4

Figure 4

Comparison of corrinoid and lower ligand production (A) and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of the OTUs (B) between HiTCE−/− and HiTCE−/+, HiTCE is shown as reference. Error bars represents standard deviation, n=3. (PDS represents the summation of Pelosinus_GW, Dendrosporobacter_GW and Sporotalea_GW).

Figure 5

Figure 5

Comparison of corrinoid and lower ligand production (A) and 16S rRNA gene copy numbers of the OTUs (B) between NoTCE+HiTCE, and NoTCE+195, NoTCE is shown as reference. Error bars represent standard deviation, n=3. (PDS represents the summation of Pelosinus_GW, Dendrosporobacter_GW and Sporotalea_GW).

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