Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 - PubMed (original) (raw)

. 2014 Aug 30;384(9945):766-81.

doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8. Epub 2014 May 29.

Tom Fleming 1, Margaret Robinson 1, Blake Thomson 1, Nicholas Graetz 1, Christopher Margono 1, Erin C Mullany 1, Stan Biryukov 1, Cristiana Abbafati [ 2](#full-view-affiliation-2 ""La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy."), Semaw Ferede Abera 3, Jerry P Abraham 4, Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh 5, Tom Achoki 6, Fadia S AlBuhairan 7, Zewdie A Alemu 8, Rafael Alfonso 9, Mohammed K Ali 10, Raghib Ali 11, Nelson Alvis Guzman 12, Walid Ammar 13, Palwasha Anwari 14, Amitava Banerjee 15, Simon Barquera 16, Sanjay Basu 17, Derrick A Bennett 11, Zulfiqar Bhutta 18, Jed Blore 19, Norberto Cabral 20, Ismael Campos Nonato 16, Jung-Chen Chang 21, Rajiv Chowdhury 22, Karen J Courville 23, Michael H Criqui 24, David K Cundiff 25, Kaustubh C Dabhadkar 10, Lalit Dandona 26, Adrian Davis 27, Anand Dayama 10, Samath D Dharmaratne 28, Eric L Ding 29, Adnan M Durrani 30, Alireza Esteghamati 31, Farshad Farzadfar 31, Derek F J Fay 27, Valery L Feigin 32, Abraham Flaxman 1, Mohammad H Forouzanfar 1, Atsushi Goto 33, Mark A Green 34, Rajeev Gupta 35, Nima Hafezi-Nejad 31, Graeme J Hankey 36, Heather C Harewood 37, Rasmus Havmoeller 38, Simon Hay 11, Lucia Hernandez 16, Abdullatif Husseini 39, Bulat T Idrisov 40, Nayu Ikeda 41, Farhad Islami 42, Eiman Jahangir 43, Simerjot K Jassal 44, Sun Ha Jee 45, Mona Jeffreys 46, Jost B Jonas 47, Edmond K Kabagambe 48, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa 49, Andre Pascal Kengne 50, Yousef Saleh Khader 51, Young-Ho Khang 52, Daniel Kim 53, Ruth W Kimokoti 54, Jonas M Kinge 55, Yoshihiro Kokubo 56, Soewarta Kosen 57, Gene Kwan 58, Taavi Lai 59, Mall Leinsalu 60, Yichong Li 61, Xiaofeng Liang 62, Shiwei Liu 62, Giancarlo Logroscino 63, Paulo A Lotufo 64, Yuan Lu 29, Jixiang Ma 62, Nana Kwaku Mainoo 65, George A Mensah 66, Tony R Merriman 67, Ali H Mokdad 1, Joanna Moschandreas 68, Mohsen Naghavi 1, Aliya Naheed 69, Devina Nand 70, K M Venkat Narayan 10, Erica Leigh Nelson 1, Marian L Neuhouser 71, Muhammad Imran Nisar 18, Takayoshi Ohkubo 72, Samuel O Oti 73, Andrea Pedroza 16, Dorairaj Prabhakaran 74, Nobhojit Roy 75, Uchechukwu Sampson 48, Hyeyoung Seo 76, Sadaf G Sepanlou 77, Kenji Shibuya 78, Rahman Shiri 79, Ivy Shiue 80, Gitanjali M Singh 29, Jasvinder A Singh 81, Vegard Skirbekk 55, Nicolas J C Stapelberg 82, Lela Sturua 83, Bryan L Sykes 84, Martin Tobias 1, Bach X Tran 85, Leonardo Trasande 86, Hideaki Toyoshima 87, Steven van de Vijver 73, Tommi J Vasankari 88, J Lennert Veerman 89, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez 90, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov 91, Stein Emil Vollset 92, Theo Vos 1, Claire Wang 93, XiaoRong Wang 94, Elisabete Weiderpass 95, Andrea Werdecker 96, Jonathan L Wright 97, Y Claire Yang 98, Hiroshi Yatsuya 99, Jihyun Yoon 100, Seok-Jun Yoon 101, Yong Zhao 102, Maigeng Zhou 61, Shankuan Zhu 103, Alan D Lopez 19, Christopher J L Murray 1, Emmanuela Gakidou 104

Affiliations

Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Marie Ng et al. Lancet. 2014.

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013.

Methods: We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19,244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

Findings: Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m(2) or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3-30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down.

Interpretation: Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene.

Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Age–standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI>=25) and obesity (BMI>=30), ages 20+ years, by sex, 1980–2013

Figure 2

Figure 2

Age–standardized prevalence of overweight and obesity, and obesity alone (based on IOTF cutoffs), ages 2–19 years, by sex, 1980–2013

Figure 3

Figure 3

Prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI>=25) and obesity (BMI>=30), by age and sex, 2013

Figure 4

Figure 4

Prevalence of obesity (BMI>=30) by age across birth cohorts for males and females in developed and developing countries

Figure 5A

Figure 5A

Age–standardized prevalence of obesity (BMI>=30), ages 20+ years, males, 2013

Figure 5B

Figure 5B

Age–standardized prevalence of obesity (BMI>=30), ages 20+ years, females, 2013

Figure 5C

Figure 5C

Age–standardized prevalence of obesity (based on IOTF cutoffs), ages 2–19 years, males, 2013

Figure 5D

Figure 5D

Age–standardized prevalence of obesity (based on IOTF cutoffs), ages 2–19 years, females, 2013

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