Dual stimulus-dependent effect of Oenothera paradoxa extract on the respiratory burst in human leukocytes: suppressing for Escherichia coli and phorbol myristate acetate and stimulating for formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine - PubMed (original) (raw)

Dual stimulus-dependent effect of Oenothera paradoxa extract on the respiratory burst in human leukocytes: suppressing for Escherichia coli and phorbol myristate acetate and stimulating for formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine

Izabela Burzynska-Pedziwiatr et al. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014.

Abstract

Although a growing body of evidence suggests that plant polyphenols can modulate human immune responses, their simultaneous action on monocyte and neutrophil oxidative burst is currently poorly understood. Based on the hypothesis that various polyphenols contained in plant extracts might affect the oxidative burst of phagocytes, we evaluated the effects of ethanolic O. paradoxa extract polyphenols on monocyte and neutrophil oxidative burst in vitro activated by different stimuli, including opsonized bacteria E. coli, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Samples were analyzed by the dihydrorhodamine flow cytometry assay. Our results showed that the extract repressed significantly and dose-dependently reactive oxygen species production in both cell types stimulated with E. coli and PMA (P < 0.05) and its inhibitory efficiency was stimulus- and cell-type-dependent. Interestingly, there was significant stimulatory effect of the extract on bursting phagocytes induced by fMLP (P < 0.05). Additionally, several flavonoids and phenolic compounds as well as penta-galloyl-β-(D)-glucose (PGG), the representative of hydrolyzable tannins, were identified in the 60% extract by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization in negative ion mode. In summary, the ethanolic O. paradoxa extract, rich in flavonoids and phenolic compounds, exhibits dual stimulus-dependent effect on the respiratory burst in human leukocytes; hence, it might affect immune responses in humans.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Boxplots of the percentage of neutrophils (a) and monocytes (b) producing ROS (NROS [%] and MROS [%], resp.) and a mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of these cells ((c) and (d)) stimulated with PMA or E. coli after their exposition to the extract (0.1 and 0.25 mg/mL) versus control (without the extract) for PMA and E. coli stimuli. Middle point: median; box: interquartile range; whisker: range (excluding outliers). Significance levels *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 assessed by Wilcoxon's test are indicated by asterisks.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Representative histograms of the fluorescent intensities of _E. coli_-stimulated monocytes and granulocytes after in vitro exposure to 0.25 mg/mL extract versus the controls (without the extract). P1-monocytes, P2-granulocytes.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Mass spectra for catechin, m/z 289.07 (a), epicatechin gallate, m/z 441.08 (b), and PGG, m/z 939.11 (c) obtained with negative ion electrospray ionisation.

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