Objectively-assessed and self-reported sedentary time in relation to multiple socioeconomic status indicators among adults in England: a cross-sectional study - PubMed (original) (raw)

Objectively-assessed and self-reported sedentary time in relation to multiple socioeconomic status indicators among adults in England: a cross-sectional study

Emmanuel Stamatakis et al. BMJ Open. 2014.

Abstract

Objectives: To examine the associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and multidomain self-reported and objectively-assessed sedentary time (ST).

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: General population households in England.

Participants: 2289 adults aged 16-96 years who participated in the 2008 Health Survey for England.

Outcomes: Accelerometer-measured ST, and self-reported television time, non-television leisure-time sitting and occupational sitting/standing. We examined multivariable associations between household income, social class, education, area deprivation for each SEP indicator (including a 5-point composite SEP score computed by aggregating individual SEP indicators) and each ST indicator using generalised linear models.

Results: Accelerometry-measured total ST and occupational sitting/standing were positively associated with SEP score and most of its constituent SEP indicators, while television time was negatively associated with SEP score and education level. Area-level deprivation was largely unrelated to ST. Those in the lowest composite SEP group spent 64 (95% CIs 52 to 76) and 72 (48 to 98), fewer minutes/day in total ST and occupational sitting/standing compared to those in the top SEP group, and an additional 48 (35-60) min/day watching television (p<0.001 for linear trend). Stratified analyses showed that these associations between composite SEP score and total ST were evident only among participants who were in employment.

Conclusions: Occupational sitting seems to drive the positive association between SEP and total ST. Lower SEP is linked to higher TV viewing times.

Keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; SOCIAL MEDICINE.

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Multivariate-adjusted average daily sedentary time by socioeconomic position (SEP) score. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: further adjustments for area deprivation, body mass index (BMI), limiting long standing illness, difficulty with usual activities, car ownership, drinking frequency and smoking status; model 3: further adjustments for self-reported time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), accelerometry-measured MVPA time and average accelerometer wear time on valid days. Models with accelerometer sedentary time as the outcome were also adjusted for average accelerometer wear time on valid days. (A) Coefficients represent estimated marginal means from generalised linear models, with 95% CIs. Linear trend p values were obtained from linear regression. (B) SEP1 indicates most deprived, SEP5 indicates least deprived. (C) Any paid work in the past 4 weeks.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Multivariate-adjusted accelerometer-measured sedentary time by socioeconomic position (SEP) score for individuals stratified by employment status. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: further adjustments for area deprivation, body mass index (BMI), limiting long standing illness, difficulty with usual activities, car ownership, drinking frequency and smoking status; model 3: further adjustments for self-reported time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), accelerometry-measured MVPA time, and average accelerometer wear time on valid days. Models with accelerometer sedentary time as the outcome were also adjusted for average accelerometer wear time on valid days. (A) Coefficients represent estimated marginal means from generalised linear models, with 95% CIs. Linear trend p values were obtained from linear regression. (B) SEP1 indicates most deprived, SEP5 indicates least deprived. (C) Any paid work in the last 4 weeks.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Multivariate-adjusted average daily sedentary time by household income quartile. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: further adjustments for area deprivation, body mass index (BMI), limiting long standing illness, difficulty with usual activities, car ownership, drinking frequency and smoking status; model 3: further adjustments for self-reported time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), accelerometry-measured MVPA time, and average accelerometer wear time on valid days. Models with accelerometer sedentary time as the outcome were also adjusted for average accelerometer wear time on valid days. (A) Coefficients represent estimated marginal means from generalised linear models, with 95% CIs. Linear trend p values were obtained from linear regression. (B) Q1 indicates lowest income quartile (≤£13 876), Q4 indicates the highest income quartile (≥£39 001).

Figure 4

Figure 4

Multivariate-adjusted difference average daily sedentary time by highest qualification. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: further adjustments for area deprivation, body mass index (BMI), limiting long standing illness, difficulty with usual activities, car ownership, drinking frequency and smoking status; model 3: further adjustments for self-reported time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), accelerometry-measured MVPA time, and average accelerometer wear time on valid days. Models with accelerometer sedentary time as the outcome were also adjusted for average accelerometer wear time on valid days. (A) Coefficients represent estimated marginal means from generalised linear models, with 95% CIs. Linear trend p values were obtained from linear regression. (B) Education level 1 represents NVQ1/CSE and NVQ2 GCE O Level equivalent; Level 2 represents NVQ3/GCE A level equivalent; level 3 represents higher education below degree and NVQ4/NVQ5/degree or higher.

Figure 5

Figure 5

Multivariate-adjusted average daily sedentary time by occupational social class. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: further adjustments for area deprivation, body mass index (BMI), limiting long standing illness, difficulty with usual activities, car ownership, drinking frequency and smoking status; model 3: further adjustments for self-reported time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), accelerometry-measured MVPA time, and average accelerometer wear time on valid days. Models with accelerometer sedentary time as the outcome were also adjusted for average accelerometer wear time on valid days. (A) Coefficients represent estimated marginal means from generalised linear models, with 95% CIs. Linear trend p values were obtained from linear regression.

Figure 6

Figure 6

Multivariate-adjusted sedentary time by area deprivation quintile. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; model 2: further adjustments for area deprivation, body mass index (BMI), limiting long standing illness, difficulty with usual activities, car ownership, drinking frequency, and smoking status; model 3: further adjustments for self-reported time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), accelerometry-measured MVPA time, and average accelerometer wear time on valid days. Models with accelerometer sedentary time as the outcome were also adjusted for average accelerometer wear time on valid days. (A) Coefficients represent estimated marginal means from generalised linear models, with 95% CIs. Linear trend p values were obtained from linear regression. (B) Q1 indicates most deprived, Q5 indicates least deprived.

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