Natural peste des petits ruminants virus infection in Black Bengal goats: virological, pathological and immunohistochemical investigation - PubMed (original) (raw)

Natural peste des petits ruminants virus infection in Black Bengal goats: virological, pathological and immunohistochemical investigation

Emdadul Haque Chowdhury et al. BMC Vet Res. 2014.

Abstract

Background: Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), also known as Goat Plague, occurs in goats, sheep and related species. It is caused by a morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. In Bangladesh PPR is endemic and it causes serious economic losses. Pathology of PPR has been reported in different goat and sheep breeds from natural and experimental infections. Field results are better indicators of pathogenicity of the circulating virus. The severity of the disease varies with species, breed and immune status of the host. Pathological investigations of natural outbreaks of PPR in Balck Bengal goats are very limited. The current investigation was aimed at describing pathology and antigen localization in natural PPR infections in Black Bengal goats.

Results: A total of 28 outbreaks were investigated clinically and virologically. Average flock morbidity and mortality were 75% and 59%, respectively, with case fatality rate of 74%. Necropsy was conducted on 21 goats from 15 outbreaks. The major gross lesions were congestion of gastrointestinal tract, pneumonia, engorged spleen, and oedematous lymphnodes. Histopathological examination revealed severe enteritis with denudation of intestinal epithelium, severe broncho-interstitial pneumonia with macrophages within lung alveoli and extensive haemorrhages with depletion of lymphoid cells and infiltration of macrophages in the sinuses of spleen. In lymph nodes, the cortical nodules were replaced by wide sinusoids with severe depletion of lymphocytes, infiltration of mononuclear cells and some giant cells in sub-capsular areas and medullary sinuses. PPR virus antigen was found in pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages in lungs. Viral RNA could be detected by RT-PCR in 69 out of 84 nasal swab, 59 out of 84 blood and 21 out of 21 lymph node samples. Sequence analyses revealed closeness of Bangladeshi strains with other recent Asian isolates.

Conclusion: Natural outbreaks of PPR in Black Bengal goats in Bangladesh resulted in 75% and 59% flock morbidity and mortality, respectively, with a case fatality rate of 74%. The striking histo-morphologic diagnosis of PPR was acute pneumonia and severe gastro-enteritis. A detailed experimental pathological study on Black Bengal goats infected with recent isolates is required.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Necropsy finding of trachea of a PPR virus infected goat. Trachea revealed severe congestion in tracheal mucous membrane with frothy exudates in the lumen.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Necropsy finding of lung of a PPR virus infected goat. Lung showed pneumonia with consolidation and accumulation of fibrin (arrow) over the surface of the lung. Lung showed muscular appearance.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Necropsy finding of rumen of a PPR virus infected goat. Ecchymotic haemorrhages (arrow) were present on the mucosal surface of rumen.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Necropsy finding of intestine of a PPR virus infected goat. Severe enteritis with haemorrhages and congestion was present in small and large intestine. The intestine contained diarrheic faeces and gas.

Figure 5

Figure 5

Mesenteric lymph node of a PPR virus infected goat. Lymph node was oedematous, congested (arrow) and enlarged.

Figure 6

Figure 6

Spleen of a PPR virus infected goat. Severe spleen atrophy was present in a goat that died after 15 days of onset of clinical signs of PPR. The nasal swab was positive for PPR virus excretion.

Figure 7

Figure 7

Histological section of a lung of a PPR infected goat. Accumulation of fibrin (line) and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lung parenchyma, H&E X 82.5.

Figure 8

Figure 8

Histological section of a lung of a PPR infected goat. Lung alveoli filled with severe infiltration of inflammatory cells (arrow), H & E X 82.5.

Figure 9

Figure 9

Histological section of spleen of a PPR infected goat. Spleen showed accumulation of extravagated Erythrocytes in the pulp and depletion of lymphocytes (arrow). H & E X 82.5.

Figure 10

Figure 10

Histological section of Lymph node of a PPR infected goat. Lymph node revealed wide sinusoidal depletion of lymphocytes and proliferation of mononuclear cells (arrow). H & E X 330.

Figure 11

Figure 11

Immunochemical staining of lung tissues of a PPR infected goat. PPR virus antigen was detected in the macrophages accumulated in the lung alveoli (arrow) and epithelial cell of lung alveoli, counterstained with hematoxylin, x 82.5.

Figure 12

Figure 12

Immunochemical staining of lung tissues of a PPR infected goat. Higher magnification of Figure 11 that showed PPR virus antigen in the alveolar epithelial cells (arrow head) and macrophages in alveolar lumen (arrow), counterstained with hematoxylin, x 330.

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