Chemotherapy with cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone for chemotherapy-naive advanced non-small cell lung cancer - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

Chemotherapy with cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone for chemotherapy-naive advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Zu-Yao Yang et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014.

Abstract

Background: In advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the effectiveness of standard cytotoxic chemotherapy seems to have reached a 'plateau', and there is a continuous need for new treatments to further improve the prognosis. Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody targeted at the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway. Basically, it is designed to inhibit the growth and metastasis among other biological processes of cancer. In combination with chemotherapy, it has been evaluated as a first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC in some randomised controlled trials (RCTs), with inconsistent results.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy plus cetuximab, compared with chemotherapy alone, for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously untreated with chemotherapy or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted drugs.

Search methods: We systematically searched the Cochrane Lung Cancer Review Group's Specialized Register (from inception to 17 December 2013), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 12), MEDLINE (accessed through PubMed, 1966 to 17 December 2013), EMBASE (1980 to 17 December 2013), ClinicalTrials.gov (from inception to 17 December 2013), and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (from inception to 17 December 2013). We also handsearched the proceedings related to lung cancer from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society of Medical Oncology (2000 to 17 December 2013). We checked the reference lists of all eligible primary studies and review articles for additional potentially eligible studies.

Selection criteria: Eligible studies were RCTs that compared chemotherapy plus cetuximab with the same chemotherapy alone, in advanced NSCLC, previously untreated with chemotherapy or EGFR-targeted drugs, and measured at least one of the following: overall survival, progression-free survival, one-year survival rate, objective response rate, quality of life, or serious adverse events.

Data collection and analysis: We used standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. We extracted the following data from each study: publication details, participant characteristics, regimens for intervention and control arms, outcome measures and effect size, and information related to the methodological quality of the study. We measured the treatment effects on dichotomous and time-to-event outcomes by risk ratio (RR) and hazard ratio (HR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), respectively. We conducted meta-analyses with Review Manager 5 using the random-effects model. We employed the Mantel-Haenszel method to combine RRs and the inverse-variance method to combine HRs.

Main results: We included four trials, containing 2018 patients. The subjects were mostly white people (female: 26% to 56%), with a median age of 58 to 66 years. About half of them had histologically proven adenocarcinoma. Of the 2018 patients, 83% to 99% had their status measured using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and had a score of 0 to 1 (which is usually considered as physically "fit").All four studies provided data on overall survival, progression-free survival, one-year survival rate, objective response rate, and serious adverse events, with two studies (1901 patients) investigating the effect of cetuximab on quality of life as well. The risk of bias was low for the data on overall survival and one-year survival rate, and high for the data on all other outcomes, mainly due to lack of blinding. Compared with chemotherapy alone, chemotherapy plus cetuximab improved overall survival (10.5 months versus 8.9 months; HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96), one-year survival rate (45% versus 40%; RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.25), and objective response rate (30% versus 23%; RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.51). The difference in progression-free survival was at the limit of the statistical significance (4.9 months versus 4.4 months; HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.00). No significant difference in quality of life between the two treatment arms was reported by the two relevant studies. Patients in the cetuximab group experienced more acneiform rash (11.2% versus 0.3%; RR 37.36, 95% CI 10.66 to 130.95), hypomagnesemia (5.3% versus 0.8%; RR 6.57, 95% CI 1.13 to 38.12), infusion reaction (3.9% versus 1.1%; RR 3.50, 95% CI 1.76 to 6.94), diarrhoea (4.8% versus 2.3%; RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.48), hypokalaemia (6.3% versus 3.6%; RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.99), febrile neutropenia (10.6% versus 7.6%; RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.77), and leukopenia (58.1% versus 42.7%; RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.58) than did those in the control group. The difference in other adverse events did not reach statistical significance. According to the reports of original studies, the adverse events were generally manageable. There were no cetuximab-related deaths.The quality of the evidence is high for overall survival and one-year survival rate, but low for most secondary outcomes.

Authors' conclusions: The combination of chemotherapy plus cetuximab is better than chemotherapy alone as the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC in improving overall survival, while inducing higher rates of some reportedly manageable adverse events.

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Conflict of interest statement

None known.

Figures

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Figure 1. The flow chart of study selection

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Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.

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Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, outcome: 1.1 Overall survival.

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, outcome: 1.2 Progression‐free survival.

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Forest plot of comparison: 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, outcome: 1.3 Objective response rate.

1.1

1.1. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 1 Overall survival.

1.2

1.2. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 2 Progression‐free survival.

1.3

1.3. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 3 Objective response rate.

1.4

1.4. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 4 One‐year survival rate.

1.5

1.5. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 5 Abdominal pain.

1.6

1.6. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 6 Acneiform rash.

1.7

1.7. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 7 Anorexia.

1.8

1.8. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 8 Anxiety.

1.9

1.9. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 9 Asthenia.

1.10

1.10. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 10 Back pain.

1.11

1.11. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 11 Bleeding events.

1.12

1.12. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 12 Cardiac events.

1.13

1.13. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 13 Constipation.

1.14

1.14. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 14 Dehydration.

1.15

1.15. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 15 Diarrhoea.

1.16

1.16. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 16 Dysphasia.

1.17

1.17. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 17 Dyspnea.

1.18

1.18. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 18 Epistaxis.

1.19

1.19. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 19 Fatigue.

1.20

1.20. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 20 Hypokalaemia.

1.21

1.21. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 21 Hypomagnesemia.

1.22

1.22. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 22 Hypotension.

1.23

1.23. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 23 Infection.

1.24

1.24. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 24 Infusion reaction.

1.25

1.25. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 25 Mucosal inflammation.

1.26

1.26. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 26 Nausea.

1.27

1.27. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 27 Pneumonia.

1.28

1.28. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 28 Pulmonary embolism.

1.29

1.29. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 29 Pyrexia.

1.30

1.30. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 30 Respiratory failure.

1.31

1.31. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 31 Sepsis.

1.32

1.32. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 32 Stomatitis.

1.33

1.33. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 33 Syncope.

1.34

1.34. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 34 Vomiting.

1.35

1.35. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 35 Anaemia.

1.36

1.36. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 36 Febrile neutropenia.

1.37

1.37. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 37 Leukopenia.

1.38

1.38. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 38 Thrombocytopenia.

1.39

1.39. Analysis

Comparison 1 chemotherapy plus cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone, Outcome 39 Neutropenia.

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