Treatment of echinococcosis: albendazole and mebendazole--what else? - PubMed (original) (raw)
Review
Treatment of echinococcosis: albendazole and mebendazole--what else?
Andrew Hemphill et al. Parasite. 2014.
Abstract
The search for novel therapeutic options to cure alveolar echinococcosis (AE), due to the metacestode of Echinococcus multilocularis, is ongoing, and these developments could also have a profound impact on the treatment of cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the closely related Echinococcus granulosus s.l. Several options are being explored. A viable strategy for the identification of novel chemotherapeutically valuable compounds includes whole-organism drug screening, employing large-scale in vitro metacestode cultures and, upon identification of promising compounds, verification of drug efficacy in small laboratory animals. Clearly, the current focus is targeted towards broad-spectrum anti-parasitic or anti-cancer drugs and compound classes that are already marketed, or that are in development for other applications. The availability of comprehensive Echinococcus genome information and gene expression data, as well as significant progress on the molecular level, has now opened the door for a more targeted drug discovery approach, which allows exploitation of defined pathways and enzymes that are essential for the parasite. In addition, current in vitro and in vivo models that are used to assess drug efficacy should be optimized and complemented by methods that give more detailed information on the host-parasite interactions that occur during drug treatments. The key to success is to identify, target and exploit those parasite molecules that orchestrate activities essential to parasite survival.
La recherche de nouvelles options thérapeutiques curatives de l’échinococcose alvéolaire (EA), due au métacestode d’Echinococcus multilocularis, est en progrès, et ses développements pourraient aussi avoir un profond impact sur le traitement de l’échinococcose kystique (EK), due au cestode très proche Echinococcus granulosus s.l. Plusieurs options sont explorées. Une stratégie efficace pour l’identification de composés nouveaux à activité chimiothérapique est représentée par le criblage de médicaments sur le micro-organisme entier, utilisant des cultures à grande échelle de métacestodes in vitro et, après identification de composés d’intérêt, la vérification de leur activité chez des animaux de laboratoire. La recherche actuelle est clairement centrée sur les médicaments et les classes de substances à activité antiparasitaire et anti-cancéreuse à large spectre qui sont déjà sur le marché ou en cours de développement dans d’autres applications. La mise à disposition d’informations complètes sur le génome d’Echinococcus et sur l’expression des gènes ainsi que des progrès significatifs à l’échelle moléculaire ouvrent maintenant la porte vers une approche plus ciblée pour la découverte de nouveaux médicaments, en permettant l’exploitation de voies métaboliques et d’enzymes indispensables au parasite. De plus, les modèles actuels, in vitro et in vivo, actuellement utilisés pour confirmer l’efficacité d’un médicament, devraient être optimisés et complétés par des méthodes qui permettraient d’obtenir des informations plus détaillés sur les relations hôte-parasite qui surviennent au cours des traitements. La clé du succès est d’identifier, de cibler et d’exploiter les molécules parasitaires qui orchestrent des activités essentielles à la survie du parasite.
© A. Hemphill et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2014.
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