Nutritional adequacy according to carbohydrates and fat quality - PubMed (original) (raw)

Randomized Controlled Trial

doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0828-3. Epub 2015 Jan 24.

Itziar Zazpe 2 3 4, Maira Bes-Rastrollo 5 6, Jordi Salas-Salvadó 7 8, Mónica Bullo 9 10, José Vicente Sorlí 11 12, Dolores Corella 13 14, M Isabel Covas 15 16, Fernando Arós 17 18, Mario Gutierrez-Bedmar 19 20, Miquel Fiol 21 22, F García de la Corte 23 24, Lluis Serra-Majem 25 26, Xavier Pinto 27 28, Helmut Schröeder 29 30, Emilio Ros 31 32, M Carmen López-Sabater 33, Ramón Estruch 34 35, Miguel Angel Martínez-González 36 37; PREDIMED study investigators

Collaborators, Affiliations

Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutritional adequacy according to carbohydrates and fat quality

Ana Sánchez-Tainta et al. Eur J Nutr. 2016 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the association between carbohydrate quality, fat quality or adherence to the Mediterranean diet and intake adequacy of 19 micronutrients in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial, a multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel group and primary prevention trial conducted in Spain.

Methods: We assessed baseline dietary intake of 6,542 elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a validated 14-item Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) score. We used a multidimensional carbohydrate quality index (CQI) using four criteria and a fat quality index (FQI) according to the ratio (MUFA + PUFA)/(SFA + TFA). The probability of intake adequacy was calculated comparing the intakes to DRI, and also using the probabilistic approach. Absolute and adjusted probability of having inadequate intake for either ≥6 DRI or ≥8 DRI were estimated to assess nutritional adequacy according to quintiles of each index.

Results: The lowest prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake (≥8 DRI) was found in the highest quintile of CQI or Med-diet score, and in the lowest quintile of FQI (adjusted fold risk: 1.4, 3.4 and 10.2 respectively in comparison with the lowest quintile). P for trend <0.001 in three multivariable models. A higher CQI or Med-Diet score and a lower FQI were significantly associated with a lower fold risk of unmet EAR values.

Conclusions: A multidimensional assessment of CQI can be a useful tool to evaluate the quality of carbohydrates. This score and a 14-item Med-diet score were positively related to overall micronutrient adequacy in elderly participants.

Keywords: Carbohydrate quality; Fat quality; Mediterranean diet; Micronutrient adequacy; PREDIMED trial.

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