The SCN1A mutation database: updating information and analysis of the relationships among genotype, functional alteration, and phenotype - PubMed (original) (raw)

doi: 10.1002/humu.22782. Epub 2015 Apr 13.

Hai-Qing Xu 1, Lu Yu 1, Guo-Wang Lin 1, Na He 1, Tao Su 1, Yi-Wu Shi 1, Bin Li 1, Jie Wang 1, Xiao-Rong Liu 1, Bin Tang 1, Yue-Sheng Long 1, Yong-Hong Yi 1, Wei-Ping Liao 1

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The SCN1A mutation database: updating information and analysis of the relationships among genotype, functional alteration, and phenotype

Heng Meng et al. Hum Mutat. 2015 Jun.

Abstract

Mutations in the SCN1A gene have been identified in epilepsy patients with widely variable phenotypes and modes of inheritance and in asymptomatic carriers. This raises challenges in evaluating the pathogenicity of SCN1A mutations. We systematically reviewed all SCN1A mutations and established a database containing information on functional alterations. In total, 1,257 mutations have been identified, of which 81.8% were not recurrent. There was a negative correlation between phenotype severity and missense mutation frequency. Further analyses suggested close relationships among genotype, functional alteration, and phenotype. Missense mutations located in different sodium channel regions were associated with distinct functional changes. Missense mutations in the pore region were characterized by the complete loss of function, similar to haploinsufficiency. Mutations with severe phenotypes were more frequently located in the pore region, suggesting that functional alterations are critical in evaluating pathogenicity and can be applied to patient management. A negative correlation was found between phenotype severity and familial incidence, and incomplete penetrance was associated with missense and splice site mutations, but not truncations or genomic rearrangements, suggesting clinical genetic counseling applications. Mosaic mutations with a load of 12.5-25.0% were potentially pathogenic with low penetrance, suggesting the need for future studies on less pathogenic genomic variations.

Keywords: SCN1A; epilepsy; mosaicism; pathogenicity; sodium channel Nav1.1.

© 2015 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

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