Potential role of olive oil phenolic compounds in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Potential role of olive oil phenolic compounds in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases

Jose Rodríguez-Morató et al. Molecules. 2015.

Abstract

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and better cognitive performance. Virgin olive oil, the main source of lipids in the MD, is rich in minor phenolic components, particularly hydroxytyrosol (HT). HT potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions have attracted researchers' attention and may contribute to neuroprotective effects credited to MD. In this review HT bioavailability and pharmacokinetics are presented prior to discussing health beneficial effects. In vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects together with its multiple mechanisms of action are reviewed. Other microconstituents of olive oil are also considered due to their potential neuroprotective effects (oleocanthal, triterpenic acids). Finally, we discuss the potential role of HT as a therapeutic tool in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

The different classes of polar phenolic compounds present in olive oil with molecular structures of representative examples.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Comparison between exogenous and endogenous sources of hydroytyrosol (HT). (A) Origin of HT from oleuropein. Oleuropein hydrolysis results in oleuropein aglycone, whose subsequent hydrolysis originates elenolic acid and HT. (B) Endogenous formation of HT via dopamine oxidative metabolism. Abbreviations: ALR: Aldehyde/aldose reductase; ADH: Alcohol dehydrogenase; MAO: Monoamine oxidase; ALDH: Aldehyde dehydrogenase; DOPET: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; DOPAL: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde; DOPAC: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; L-DOPA:

l

-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; Glc: Glucose.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Biotransformation pathways of hydroxytyrosol (HT). Abbreviations: COMT: Catechol-_O_-methyltransferase; UGT: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase; SULT: Sulfotransferase; ACT: _O_-Acetyltransferase; GlcA: Glucuronic acid; HVAlc: Homovanillyl alcohol.

Figure 4

Figure 4

Chemical structures of triterpenic acids present in olive oil.

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