Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies - PubMed (original) (raw)

Review

. 2015 Dec:35 Suppl:S185-S198.

doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.004. Epub 2015 Mar 25.

Elizabeth P Ryan 2, Graham Pawelec 3, Wamidh H Talib 4, John Stagg 5, Eyad Elkord 6, Terry Lichtor 7, William K Decker 8, Richard L Whelan 9, H M C Shantha Kumara 9, Emanuela Signori 10, Kanya Honoki 11, Alexandros G Georgakilas 12, Amr Amin 13, William G Helferich 14, Chandra S Boosani 15, Gunjan Guha 16, Maria Rosa Ciriolo [ 17](#full-view-affiliation-17 "Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy."), Sophie Chen 18, Sulma I Mohammed 19, Asfar S Azmi 20, W Nicol Keith 21, Alan Bilsland 21, Dipita Bhakta 16, Dorota Halicka 22, Hiromasa Fujii 11, Katia Aquilano [ 17](#full-view-affiliation-17 "Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy."), S Salman Ashraf 23, Somaira Nowsheen 24, Xujuan Yang 14, Beom K Choi 25, Byoung S Kwon 26

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Review

Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies

Dass S Vinay et al. Semin Cancer Biol. 2015 Dec.

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Abstract

Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace. There are a number of factors that contribute to tumor persistence despite having a normal host immune system. Immune editing is one of the key aspects why tumors evade surveillance causing the tumors to lie dormant in patients for years through "equilibrium" and "senescence" before re-emerging. In addition, tumors exploit several immunological processes such as targeting the regulatory T cell function or their secretions, antigen presentation, modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation. Besides these, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis also play a critical role in tumor growth. A number of potential targets like promoting Th1, NK cell, γδ T cell responses, inhibiting Treg functionality, induction of IL-12, use of drugs including phytochemicals have been designed to counter tumor progression with much success. Some natural agents and phytochemicals merit further study. For example, use of certain key polysaccharide components from mushrooms and plants have shown to possess therapeutic impact on tumor-imposed genetic instability, anti-growth signaling, replicative immortality, dysregulated metabolism etc. In this review, we will discuss the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion and summarize the efficacy of various therapeutic measures and targets that have been developed or are being investigated to enhance tumor rejection.

Keywords: Cancer; Immune evasion; T cells; Therapy.

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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