Large Tailed Spindle Viruses of Archaea: a New Way of Doing Viral Business - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Large Tailed Spindle Viruses of Archaea: a New Way of Doing Viral Business

Rebecca Hochstein et al. J Virol. 2015 Sep.

Abstract

Viruses of Archaea continue to surprise us. Archaeal viruses have revealed new morphologies, protein folds, and gene content. This is especially true for large spindle viruses, which infect only Archaea. We present a comparison of particle morphologies, major coat protein structures, and gene content among the five characterized large spindle viruses to elucidate defining characteristics. Structural similarities and a core set of genes support the grouping of the large spindle viruses into a new superfamily.

Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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Figures

FIG 1

FIG 1

ATSV virion and MCP structure and genomic analysis of large spindle viruses. (A) Central section through tomogram (top) of an unstained vitrified ATSV showing a continuous structure throughout the body and tail and negatively stained electron micrograph (bottom) showing variable tail length. Scale bars, 200 nm. (B) MUSCLE alignment of large spindle virus major coat proteins with ATSV and ATV helices from crystal structure. (C) Crystal structures of ATSV (left) and ATV (right). Blue, N terminus; red, C terminus. (D) Shared large spindle virus proteins. Average percent pairwise identity and percent identical sites were determined by MUSCLE alignment. (E) Large coiled-coil proteins with features highlighted, as predicted by Coils (coiled coils), RADAR (rapid automatic detection and alignment of repeats in protein sequences) (repeats), and TMHMM (transmembrane helices). (F) Neighbor-joining tree of MUSCLE alignment of large spindle virus MCPs and homologs from Yellowstone hot spring viral metagenomes showing a high level of diversity of large spindle virus types. Results are shown for Nymph Lake hot springs 10, 17, and 18 (NL), Crater Hills Alice hot spring (CH), and One Hundred Spring Plains hot spring (OSP). Number in parentheses indicates the number of sequences in group. The scale bar represents 0.2 amino acid substitutions per site. Bootstrap values from 1,000 replicates are shown.

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